The prevalence of depression in patients living with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a systematic review and met
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REVIEW ARTICLE
The prevalence of depression in patients living with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a systematic review and meta-analysis Khodayar Oshvandi 1 & Mahnaz Khatiban 1 & Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh 2,3 & Mohammadreza Razavi 1,4 Received: 23 February 2020 / Accepted: 5 March 2020 # Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland 2020
Abstract Depression is a common disorder in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). There are a variety of studies estimated the prevalence of depression in these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression in patients with ICD. Methods In the present study, we conducted a systematic review of studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Medline, and EMBASE without any time filtration to obtain studies investigated the prevalence of depression in patients with ICD. Search terms consisted of “Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator(s)” in combination with “depression,” “depressive,” “prevalence,” “implanted cardioverter,” “implantable,” and “implantable defibrillator.” Results We identified 15 relevant studies, comprising data from 10,182 patients with ICD from whom 2400 (23.58%) (95% CI, 15.36– 31.79) had depression. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depression among middle-aged patients (28.58% with confidence interval of 95%, 21.51–35.65) was higher than elderly patients (22.23% with confidence interval of 95%, 11.21–33.24) and it was not significantly correlated with the mean age of samples (P = 0.255), sample size (P = 0.686), and the publication date (P = 0.784), although there was a significant correlation between the prevalence of depression and the quality of articles so that the prevalence was decreasing with an increase in the quality (P = 0.046). Conclusion Around 1 in 4 patients with ICD (23.58%) experiences depression progression after an ICD placement. This prevalence is comparable to that in the general population, and close to that of the patients with common chronic diseases. Keywords Depression . Implantable cardioverter defibrillator . Prevalence
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, affecting human health [1]. The prevalence of CVDs is increasing due to urbanization, population growth, and lifestyle changes [2]. It is estimated that by 2035, 45.1% of the US population will have one type of cardiovascular disease [3]. * Mohammadreza Razavi [email protected] 1
Mother and Child Care Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
3
Clinical Care Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
4
Nursing and Midwifery School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. Shahid Fahmideh, Hamadan, Iran
Nowadays, the use of technology plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of CVDs [4], so that biotechnological
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