The Prevalence of Pre-hypertension and Hypertension in an Iranian Urban Population
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Prevalence of Pre-hypertension and Hypertension in an Iranian Urban Population Ahmad Khosravi • Mohammad Hassan Emamian Mohammad Shariati • Hassan Hashemi • Akbar Fotouhi
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Received: 15 September 2013 / Accepted: 12 November 2013 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013
Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and its determinants in the 40–64 year old population of Shahroud in the north of Iran. Methods The blood pressure of 5,190 of the 40–64 year old people participating in the first phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study was measured using the standard method. Sampling was done in 2009 using a random cluster approach. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was determined by age and sex, and we used a multi-nominal logistic regression model to calculate the odds ratio (OR). Results The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 37.2 % in men and 30.9 % in women, and the prevalence of hypertension was respectively 37.1 % and 39.0 %. In both A. Khosravi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran M. H. Emamian Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran M. Shariati Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran H. Hashemi Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran A. Fotouhi (&) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO BOX: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.tums.ac.ir/faculties/afotouhi
sexes, there was an increase in the prevalence of hypertension and a decrease in the prevalence of pre-hypertension with age. Older age, male sex, higher body mass index, blood glucose higher than 140 mg/dl were found associated with hypertension and pre-hypertension. Also, diabetes increases the odds of hypertension (OR = 1.4) and a history of smoking was correlated with a decreased odds of having hypertension and pre-hypertension. Conclusion According to the criteria of Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was high in the studied population, and considering the epidemiologic transition of diseases in Iran, it can be concluded that a high percentage of the population are at risk of cardiovascular diseases. Keywords Cardiovascular diseases Epidemiology Hypertension Prehypertension Iran
1 Introduction At present, cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) are considered the leading cause of mortality in Iran and the world [1–4]. The risk of CVD increases when the systolic blood pressure is higher than 115 mmHg [5]. Thirteen percent of all cases of death, 51 % of stroke cases, and 45 % of ischaemic heart disease deaths are attributable to high systolic blood pressure [6]. Hypertension is one of the ri
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