The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in middle-aged and elderly people living in Naqu City, Tibet, Autonomous Region o
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(2020) 15:338
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in middle-aged and elderly people living in Naqu City, Tibet, Autonomous Region of China Qingxi Zhang1,2, Qiang Liu1,2, Chutong Lin1,2, Yangjin Baima3, Hu Li1,2, Hongqiang Gong4* and Jianhao Lin1,2*
Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Tibet Autonomous Region (China). Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1458 residents of Luoma Town, Tibet Autonomous Region, who were aged ≥ 40 years old. We interviewed participants using questionnaires, and rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. The identification of RA in this study was on the basis of criteria issued by the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) guideline. Results: Herein, 782 participants completed all items of RA. The overall prevalence of RA was 4.86%, and the prevalence was higher in women than that in men (7.14% vs. 2.56%, p = 0.005). The age-standardized prevalence of RA was 6.30% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.20–8.64%), which was 2.46% (95% CI 1.04%, 4.10%) and 9.59% (95% CI 5.93%, 13.77%) in men and women, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of RA is relatively higher in the Tibet than that in other areas of China. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Tibet, High altitude
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systematic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by a symmetrical inflammatory polyarthritis of the joints of the hands, wrist, feet, and knee, which may result in joint swelling, pain, stiffness, and possible loss of function [1]. It seriously affects the life quality of patients. As reported previously, women are at a higher risk of RA than men, with the highest prevalence among women aged * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 4 Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 21, North Linkuo Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa City 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region Tibet, China 1 Arthritis Clinic & Research Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, 11th Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
over 65 years [2]. Almost 20 million people were living with RA in 2017 globally, with over one million new cases diagnosed each year, according to estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study [3]. However, due to the different geographic and demographic factors, the prevalence of RA is different in a variety of regions. The disease is more common in northern Europe and North America, while it is scarcely reported in the developing countries [4]. In China, the first epidemiological study on RA was not reported until 1983, with a prevalence of 0.3% in Taiwan [5]. Several epidemiological researches conducted across China mainland were published, and it was shown that the prevalence of RA ranges from 0.2 to
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