The Propylene Oxide Rearrangement Catalyzed by the Lewis Acid Sites of ZSM-5 Catalyst with Controllable Surface Acidity
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The Propylene Oxide Rearrangement Catalyzed by the Lewis Acid Sites of ZSM-5 Catalyst with Controllable Surface Acidity Mengnan Liang1 · Xiangshuai Zhu1 · Weihua Ma1 Received: 2 November 2018 / Accepted: 23 January 2019 / Published online: 7 February 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The rearrangement of propylene oxide is greatly affected by the acidity of the catalyst. ZSM-5 zeolite with easily regulated surface acidity was used to catalyze the reaction with propionaldehyde as main product. The difference in the ratio of silica to alumina resulted in significant changes in the acidity. The results show that the ratio of the amount of Lewis acid sites (LAS) to the amount of Brønsted acid sites (BAS) has a great positive influence on the catalytic performance. When the ratio of silica to alumina reaches 50, the ratio of the LAS to BAS reaches the maximum value of 18.6, the catalytic performance is excellent. The in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was employed to study the adsorption and reaction behavior of propylene oxide on the ZSM-5 catalyst. Results showed that the epoxy ring of propylene oxide first adsorbs on the Lewis acid site (Al atom with empty electron orbital) of ZSM-5 catalyst to form an intermediate with the bond between C=O and C–O which then converts to the propionaldehyde. The Lewis acid sites is of great importance for the reaction.
Keywords Propylene oxide rearrangement · Propionaldehyde · ZSM-5 zeolite · Silica/alumina ratio · Lewis acid site
Mengnan Liang and Xiangshuai Zhu have contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02687-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Weihua Ma [email protected] 1
School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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1 Introduction Epoxide is an important intermediate in organic synthesis because epoxy ring can be easily converted into chemicals with functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, or alcohols [1–3]. As a kind of important epoxides, propylene oxide, due to its thermodynamic unstable three-membered epoxy ring, is prone to ring-opening reaction at high temperature or in the presence of a catalyst [4, 5]. The current research on the ring-opening reaction of propylene oxide mainly focuses on two aspects. Firstly, propylene oxide
The Propylene Oxide Rearrangement Catalyzed by the Lewis Acid Sites of ZSM-5 Catalyst with…
undergoes ring-opening reaction to produce allyl alcohol, propionaldehyde, acetone, propanol and other products in the presence of catalyst [6–9]. Wang et al. prepared a hollow lithium phosphate catalyst for catalytic rearrangement of propylene oxide, which has high catalytic activity and high selectivity to allyl alcohol [4]. Secondly, the epoxy ring of propylene oxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form
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