The Research and Development for Collecting, Emitting, and Manipulating Energy
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The Research and Development for Collecting, Emitting, and Manipulating Energy Tingkai Li, Hunan Gongchuang Photovatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd., No.1 Hongyuan Road, Hengyang, 421005, P.R.China ABSTRACT R. E. Smalley (1985 Nobel Laureate for discovery of C60) provided the humanity’s top ten important issues for next 50 years in 2005, which are energy, water, food, environment, poverty, terrorism & war, disease, education, democracy, and population[1]. In the past five years, the people has realized that with exhaustion of fossil fuel energy, global warming, population growth, and etc., the energy challenge & revolution is the most important issue. In order to solve this problem, many governments in the world have been developing the very important projects dealing with collecting, emitting, and manipulating energy. This paper reviewed the recent progress of these projects such as generation of renewable energies and save energies, especially focus on thin film solar cells, LEDs and smart power and grid, which including III-V materials on Si or ceramic substrates for high efficiency thin film solar cell and high power, high brightness and high efficiency LEDs, as well as smart control of mixture of electric, thermal and other energies. The Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) and City Integrated LEDs (CILED) will be most important manufacturing in this century. INTRODUCTION John F. Bookout (President of Shell USA) presented “Two Centuries of Fossil Fuel Energy” in International Geological Congress, Washington DC; July 10, 1985. He pointed out with exhaustion of fossil fuel energy and increasing of huge energy demand, the energy is the most important issue in the future, as shown in figure 1[2]. R. E. Smalley (1985 Nobel Laureate for discovery of C60) provided the humanity’s top ten important issues for next 50 years in IEEE 31st Photovoltaic , Specialist Conference, Orlando, Florida, January 4, 2005, which are energy, water, food, environment, poverty, terrorism & war, disease, education, democracy, and population. In the past five years, the people has realized that with exhaustion of fossil fuel energy, global warming, population growth, and etc., the world already face to energy challenge & revolution. In order to solve this problem, many governments in the world have been developing the very important projects dealing with collecting, emitting, and manipulating energy, which is how to generate renewable energies and how to save energies. Table 1 list the world possible demand in next 30 years and potential renewable energies. Based on the table, the potential use of hydroelectric and wind are only 0.9 terawatts (TW) and 2TW respectively; biomass is about 5 – 7 TW and also need to use 20% of earth land mass. If the biomass used in energy applications may result in world food crisis. On the other hand, the total amount of above energy cannot meet the world energy demand of 30 – 60 TW. Geothermal energy with high cost
Table 1: Potential renewable energies Total Energy Demand Hydroelectric Wind Biomass
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