The Restoration

The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 seemed to promise a return to the stability and order of pre-Civil War England, away from the social and political turbulence of the past twenty years. It was soon evident, however, that the wars had exacerbated the

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1660-1688

British History in Perspective General Editor: Jeremy Black PUBLISHED TITLES

C. J. Bartlett British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century J. Black Robert Walpole and the Nature of Politics in Early Eighteenth-Century Britain D. G. Boyce The Irish Question and British Politics, 1868-1986 John W. Derry British Politics in the Age of Fox, Pitt and Liverpool Ronald Hutton The British Republic, 1649-1660 Diarmaid MacCulloch The Later Reformation in England, 1547-1603 Keith Perry British Politics and the American Revolution Michael Prestwich English Politics in the Thirteenth Century A. J. Pollard The Wars of the Roses Robert Stewart Party and Politics, 1830-1852 FORTHCOMING TITLES

Anne Curry The Hundred Years War John Davies British Politics, 1885--1931 David Dean Parliament and Politics in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, 1558-1614 Brian Golding The Normans in England 1066-1100: Conquest and Colonisation Stephen Gunn Early Tudor Government, 1485--1558 Ann Hughes Causes of the English Civil War

THE RESTORATION PAUL SEAWARD

M

MACMILLAN

© Paul Seaward 1991 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WCIE 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1991 Published by MACMILLAN EDUCATION LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset by LBJ Enterprises Ltd Chiicompton and Tadley British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Seaward, Paul The Restoration, 1660--1688. - (British history in perspective, ISSN 0955-8322) I. England, 1660--1688 I. Title II. Series 942.066

ISBN 978-1-349-21193-7 (eBook) ISBN 978-0-333-48053-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-21193-7

Contents

Preface

Vll

Introduction 2

Conflicts of Power

11

3

Conflicts of Conscience

40

4

Conflicts Abroad

70

5

From Conflict to Revolution: England in the 1680s

101

6

Conclusion

143

~~

1~

Bibliography

159

Index

168

v

Preface

The following study is intended as a brief introduction to some of the themes of Restoration politics. The limitations of my knowledge and its space prevent it from being in any way comprehensive. I have tried principally to give some sense of the character of politics, the things that worried politicians, and to discuss the sources of instability in post-revolution England. I hope that the bibliography indicates where greater enlightenment on issues that I have dealt with cursorily or not at all may be found. I am grateful to Dr C.G.A. Clay and Cambridge University Press, for permission to reproduce the table on p. 74; to John Morrill,

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