The rhizosheath: from desert plants adaptation to crop breeding
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REVIEW ARTICLE
The rhizosheath: from desert plants adaptation to crop breeding Papa Mamadou Sitor Ndour & Thierry Heulin & Wafa Achouak & Laurent Laplaze & Laurent Cournac
Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background First discovered on desert plants by Volkens 1887, rhizosheath formation, i.e. soil aggregation at the root surface, is now considered as a very promising adaptive trait to deal with abiotic stress. Indeed, the rhizosheath could help plants better cope with water stress, nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, and soil acidity. Scope We have reviewed studies on the biological factors involved in rhizosheath formation, the methods used to quantify it, and its importance in plant nutrition.
Responsible Editor: Tim S. George P. M. S. Ndour : L. Cournac Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France P. M. S. Ndour (*) : L. Cournac LMI IESOL, Centre de Recherche ISRA-IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal e-mail: [email protected]
Thus, we have collected recent evidence that shows that the rhizosheath is an important trait arising from the morphology and physiology of plant root system, and the cooperation between plant root and its associated microbiota. In particular, the transformation of root exudates by exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria effectively contributes to soil aggregation and thus to increases the volume of the rhizosheath (i.e. rootadhering soil), thereby improving the absorption of minerals and water by plants. The growing interest for this process has led to the genetic mapping of potential plant QTLs controlling this trait in order to provide new tools for the selection of plant varieties with improved tolerance to abiotic stresses. Conclusion Finally, we discussed some important issues that need to be addressed in order to develop an appropriate selection strategy focused on the rhizosheath, such as the relationship between the genes controlling rhizosheath formation and those controlling other root traits, but also the impact of rhizosheath formation on soil carbon sequestration, a potential strategy for mitigating climate change.
e-mail: [email protected] T. Heulin : W. Achouak BIAM-LEMIRE, UMR 7265, Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France L. Laplaze DIADE, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France L. Laplaze LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche ISRA-IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal
Keywords Rhizosphere . Root-adhering soil aggregation . Rhizosheath . Root traits . Abiotic stress adaptation
Introduction Soil fertility is one of the main factors limiting global agriculture production (Broadley et al. 2007; Lynch
Plant Soil
2007; Ismail et al. 2007). Indeed, the phyto-availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is a major problem for many agro systems (Lynch 2007; Fageria et al. 2010; Mueller et al. 2012). N deficiency affects plant growth (Zhao et al. 2005) and is one of the main facto
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