The rhythm of attention: Perceptual modulation via rhythmic entrainment is lowpass and attention mediated
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The rhythm of attention: Perceptual modulation via rhythmic entrainment is lowpass and attention mediated Haleh Farahbod 1 & Kourosh Saberi 1 & Gregory Hickok 1,2
# The Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2020
Abstract Modulation patterns are known to carry critical predictive cues to signal detection in complex acoustic environments. The current study investigated the persistence of masker modulation effects on postmodulation detection of probe signals. Hickok, Farahbod, and Saberi (Psychological Science, 26, 1006–1013, 2015) demonstrated that thresholds for a tone pulse in stationary noise follow a predictable periodic pattern when preceded by a 3-Hz amplitude modulated masker. They found entrainment of detection patterns to the modulation envelope lasting for approximately two cycles after termination of modulation. The current study extends these results to a wide range of modulation rates by mapping the temporal modulation transfer function for persistent modulatory effects. We found significant entrainment to modulation rates of 2 and 3 Hz, a weaker effect at 5 Hz, and no entrainment at higher rates (8 to 32 Hz). The effect seems critically dependent on attentional mechanisms, requiring temporal and level uncertainty of the probe signal. Our findings suggest that the persistence of modulatory effects on signal detection is lowpass in nature and attention based. Keywords Periodicity . Entrainment . Rhythm
Rhythmic acoustic modulation occurs naturally in a large class of complex sounds, from speech and music to animal vocalizations and environmental sounds (Eddins & Bero, 2007; Elemans, Heeck, & Muller, 2008; Klump & Langemann, 1992; Lamminmaki, Parkkonen, & Hari, 2014; Peelle & Davis, 2012; Saberi & Hafter, 1995; ten Cate & Spierings, 2019). The human auditory cortex has evolved networks specialized for detecting the envelope spectrum of amplitude and frequency modulated signals (Barton, Venezia, Saberi, Hickok, & Brewer, 2012; Baumann et al., 2011; Hsieh, Fillmore, Rong, Hickok, & Saberi, 2012; Langner, Dinse, & Godde, 2009). These networks are most prominent in the core and belt regions of
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02095-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kourosh Saberi [email protected] 1
Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
2
Department of Language Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
the auditory cortex, are orthogonal to tonotopic gradients in auditory field maps, and have a lowpass characteristic with robust entrainment to modulation rates below 8 Hz (Barton et al., 2012; Joris, Schreiner, & Rees, 2004). Psychophysical findings are consistent with neurophysiological and neuroimaging results. Temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs), which measure modulation detection thresholds as a function of modulation rate, also have a lowpass characteristic for steady-state noise maskers with optimum detection at rates below 16 Hz and a shall
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