The role of antioxidant vitamins and selenium in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
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SLEEP BREATHING PHYSIOLOGY AND DISORDERS • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The role of antioxidant vitamins and selenium in patients with obstructive sleep apnea Ercan Saruhan 1
&
Erdim Sertoglu 2 & Yasemin Unal 3 & Semai Bek 3 & Gulnihal Kutlu 3
Received: 15 May 2020 / Revised: 23 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of obstruction of the upper respiratory tract during sleep often accompanied by oxygen desaturations. Antioxidant defense mechanisms are important to prevent OSAassociated diseases and decrease mortality. We aimed to determine the levels of selenium and vitamins A, C, and E in patients with OSA but without any comorbidities and compare the results with a control group, theorizing that the findings may be helpful to understand the antioxidant mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OSA and associated diseases. Methods We designed a case-control study with 146 subjects. Subjects were categorized into four groups by apneahypopnea index (AHI) scores: control (n = 32; AHI < 5), mild OSA (n = 32; 5 ≤ AHI < 15), moderate OSA (n = 34; 15 ≤ AHI < 30), and severe OSA (n = 48; AHI ≥ 30) groups. Serum levels of selenium were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. Vitamin A, C, and E levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detector. Results After adjusting for age, BMI, and gender, serum selenium and vitamin A levels were found to be higher in patients with OSA compared with controls (ANCOVA, p < 0.008, and p = 0.014 respectively), and levels of these markers increased with the severity of the disease. AHI was positively correlated with selenium (r = 0.289; p < 0.001), and vitamin A levels (r = 0.276; p < 0.001). Conclusion These results demonstrated that antioxidant response with increased vitamin A, and selenium concentrations, may be important defense mechanisms in patients with OSA patients who do not have other comorbidities. Antioxidant nutrients or supplements may be implemented as a complementary treatment of OSA to support antioxidant defense. Keywords Obstructive sleep apnea . Selenium . Vitamin . Antioxidant
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of obstruction of the upper respiratory tract during sleep and commonly associated with oxygen desaturations [1]. OSA is a common sleep disorder with a 20 to 50% prevalence in older adults. OSA patients had a greater risk of developing life-threatening complications * Ercan Saruhan [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
2
Department of Biochemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
3
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke [2]. OSA-associated diseases develop slowly and increase mortality that makes
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