The role of insulin-like growth factor in Acrochordon Etiopathology
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
The role of insulin-like growth factor in Acrochordon Etiopathology Hanife Gündoğdu Köseoğlu1, Burçin Cansu Bozca2* , Cumhur İbrahim Başsorgun3, Ramazan Sarı4, Sadıka Halide Akbaş5 and Ayşe Akman Karakaş2
Abstract Background: There are reports that acrochordon (skin tag), the most common fibroepithelial tumor of the skin, may be associated with metabolic syndrome components, particularly insulin metabolism disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study examining its association with insulin resistance and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R). Methods: Thirty patients with at least one acrochordon in their body who had no known history of diabetes mellitus and a control group comprised 30 individuals who had no acrochordon or no known history of diabetes mellitus were included. The tissue expression of IGF-1R and IGF-2R were investigated via immunohistochemical assessment in both groups. Results: In the group with acrochordon, IGF-1R and IGF-2R expression was found to be significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0,01). Using logistic regression analysis, an increase in serum insulin, serum IGF1 and HOMA-IR levels was found to be associated with the expression levels of IGF-1R and IGF-2R. Conclusion: These findings support the view that insulin metabolism disorders should be evaluated in patients with acrochordon. Our study indicates that IGF receptors may have an effect on acrochordon pathogenesis and that acrochordon etiology and related conditions can be clarified by detection of parameters that influence receptor levels.
Background Acrochordons are 1 mm to 1 cm (rarely giant sized) papules that may or may not have stems. Their color ranges from skin color to dark brown [1]. Although acrochordon development has been associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, pregnancy, acromegaly, aging, colonic polyps and genetic predisposition, its cause has not been fully understood [2, 3]. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and 2 are anabolic proteins that are involved in growth and they also mediate the emergence of many of the anabolic and mitogenic * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Dermatology and Venereology Department, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
effects of growth hormone [4]. Three different IGF receptors have been identified; insulin receptor, IGF–1R, and IGF–2R [5]. The insulin receptor and IGF–1R are approximately 60% similar with regard to amino acid structure. IGF–1R has an essential role in cell growth and differentiation [6]. Hyperinsulinemia increases the serum level of free IGF–1 and decreases the serum level of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)–3. Hyperinsulinemia and increased IGF-1 levels directly result in the growth of epithelial and fibroblastic cells via receptor activation. This association expla
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