The Role of Nanomaterials and Biological Agents on Rotator Cuff Regeneration
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REVIEW
The Role of Nanomaterials and Biological Agents on Rotator Cuff Regeneration Kenyatta S. Washington 1 & Nikoo Saveh Shemshaki 1,2,3,4 & Cato T. Laurencin 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Received: 4 March 2020 / Revised: 8 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 # The Regenerative Engineering Society 2020
Abstract The rotator cuff is a musculotendon unit responsible for movement in the shoulder. Rotator cuff tears represent a significant number of musculoskeletal injuries in the adult population. In addition, there is a high incidence of retear rates due to various complications within the complex anatomical structure and the lack of proper healing. Current clinical strategies for rotator cuff augmentation include surgical intervention with autograft tissue grafts and beneficial impacts have been shown, but challenges still exist because of limited supply. For decades, nanomaterials have been engineered for the repair of various tissue and organ systems. This review article provides a thorough summary of the role nanomaterials, stem cells, and biological agents has played in rotator cuff repair to date and offers input on next generation approaches for regenerating this tissue. Lay Summary The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that allow movement of the shoulder. Rotator cuff injuries occur often in athletes and in people that frequently perform overhead motion. The risk of injury also increases with age. Currently, implants from one part of the body to another are used to surgically repair the rotator cuff, but problems still rise because of limited supply in patients. To overcome this challenge and other concerns, nanomaterials have been used to help renew damaged tissues and organs. In this review article, we describe the role of nanomaterials, stem cells, and biological agents in rotator cuff repair and provide insight on strategies for successful rotator cuff regeneration. Keywords Rotator cuff regeneration . Fatty infiltration . Nanofibers . Drug delivery vehicles . Nanofibrous scaffolds
Introduction * Cato T. Laurencin [email protected] 1
Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
2
Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
3
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
4
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
5
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
6
Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
7
Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
Shoulder disorders have significantly impacted the adult population, in particularly causing the elderly debilitating pain, reduced function, an
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