The Role of Neuropilin-1/Semaphorin 3A Signaling in Lymphatic Vessel Development and Maturation
During development, the lymphatic and the blood vascular system form highly branched networks that show extensive architectural similarities with the peripheral nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that the vascular and the nervous systems share s
- PDF / 185,989 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 74 Downloads / 175 Views
The Role of Neuropilin-1/Semaphorin 3A Signaling in Lymphatic Vessel Development and Maturation Alexandra M. Ochsenbein*, Sinem Karaman*, Giorgia Jurisic, and Michael Detmar
Abstract During development, the lymphatic and the blood vascular system form highly branched networks that show extensive architectural similarities with the peripheral nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that the vascular and the nervous systems share signaling pathways to overcome common challenges such as guidance of growth and patterning. Semaphorins, a large group of proteins originally identified as axon guidance molecules with repelling function, and their receptors, neuropilins and plexins, have recently also been implicated in vascular development. Here, we summarize the role of semaphorins and their receptors in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, with an emphasis on neuropilin-1/ semaphorin 3A interactions in lymphatic vessel maturation and valve formation. Understanding the basic principles of lymphatic vessel development and maturation might facilitate the development of therapies for the treatment of human diseases associated with lymphedema.
11.1
Axon Guidance Molecules in Vascular Development
During development, the lymphatic and the blood vascular system form highly branched networks that show extensive architectural similarities to the peripheral nervous system (Meadows et al. 2012). Accumulating evidence suggests that the molecular pathways used to determine the specific growth patterns and to wire the whole organism are partially shared between both systems (Carmeliet 2003).
* Equally contributing authors. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. A.M. Ochsenbein • S. Karaman • M. Detmar (*) Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang Pauli-Str. 10, HCI H303, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] G. Jurisic Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland F. Kiefer and S. Schulte-Merker (eds.), Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic Vascular System, Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology 214, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1646-3_11, © Springer-Verlag Wien 2014
143
144
A.M. Ochsenbein et al.
Endothelial cells and neurons encounter similar challenges (path finding, patterning, alignment, etc.) in establishing their networks, which might explain why they often develop in a coordinated fashion (Carmeliet 2003). Angiogenic tip cells and axonal growth cones utilize common guidance cues to navigate through the tissues towards their targets, and both cell types possess receptors for these signaling molecules (Adams and Eichmann 2010; Larrive´e et al. 2009). These include roundabout/slit (Robo/Slit), netrin–UNC5/neogenin, ephrin/ephrin-B, and the semaphorin/neuropilin/plexin (Sema/Nrp/Plxn) system (Adams and Eichmann 2010). The Sema/Nrp/Plxn system comprises highly complex signaling pathways, in which the outcome depends on combinatorial Sema/Nrp/Plxn codes, spatiotemporal expression differences, and involved cell
Data Loading...
