The role of thermal improvements in indurating machines for pellet production from high-sulfur magnetite concentrate
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The role of thermal improvements in indurating machines for pellet production from high‑sulfur magnetite concentrate Mehdi Alizadeh1 · Mohsen Alizadeh2 · Siavash Adhami1 Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Mostly, magnetite iron ore mine materials contain significant amounts of sulfur base components. This can cause disturbance in production process of steel. Although high-sulfur magnetite concentrate has not been inciting enough yet to be employed by steel industry, these compounds are potential alternatives for iron ore resources. In this work, oxidation and sulfur removal of magnetite iron ore pellets were studied during the thermal treatment in the pelletizing indurating machine. The oxidation phenomenon and sulfur removal, in the magnetite iron ore pellets, were assessed by determination of appropriate thermal conditions employing thermogravimetric as well as differential scanning calorimetric tests accompanied by heat treatment procedure in a laboratory furnace. The residual sulfur-based compounds were considered as an indicator for the reaction rate; the results showed the reaction progress had a lower rate in the temperature range of 500–750 °C. Furthermore, the high-rate pre-heating and firing processes of pellets caused a higher level of residual magnetite phase within the microstructure, whereas crack initiation and growth were probable within the oxide pellets. The findings did highlight the role of thermal profiling and eventually, led to redesigning the thermal profile for pelletizing indurating machines. Keywords FeO · Magnetite concentrate · Magnetite oxidation · Sulfur removal · Thermal analysis · Resources conservation
1 Introduction . The scarcity of iron ore concentrate resources is a real fact, and a search for alternative resources seems to be unavoidable [1, 2]. For many years, magnetite iron ore mines, containing high-sulfur content (up to 2.0%), were not very welcomed in steel industry; however, they are nowadays increasingly receiving attention as potential sources and promising alternatives for iron ore resources. On the other hand, as the open pits mining grow deeper, magnetite iron ore is gradually being replaced by sulfur containing iron ore [3]. In fact, the amount of the sulfur compounds on the top of mine is reduced as a result of the direct exposure to the air [4]. It is known that the iron recovery by
conventional method is not economically acceptable. Moreover, pretreatment of the sulfur containing iron ore will increase the processing costs. It is estimated that most of the magnetite iron ore will be consumed within a few years. Consequently, it will be crucial for the industry to adopt the offered innovative processing technologies. As known, in order to produce green pellets, bentonite binder (
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