The Schlieren Technique
The measuring-principle of the schlieren technique is based on the deflection of a collimated light beam crossing gradients of the index of reflection in a transparent medium. It is, therefore, suited for applications in which deviations of light are inte
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Franz Mayinger . Oliver Feldmann (Eds)
Optical Measurements Techniques and Applications
Second corrected and revised Edition
With 238 Figures
~ Springer
Series Editors Prof. -Dr.-Ing. DieterMewes Universität Hannover Institut für Verfahrenstechnik Callinstr. 36 30167 Hannover, Germany
Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Franz Mayinger Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Thermodynamik Boltzmannstr.15 85748 Garching, Germany
Editors Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Franz Mayinger Dr.-Ing. Oliver Feldmann Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Thermodynamik Boltzmannstr.15 85748 Garching, Germany
Library of Congress Control Number: 2001020640
Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extras.springer.com. ISBN 978-3-642-63079-8 ISBN 978-3-642-56443-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-56443-7 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2001 Softcover reprint ofthe bardeover 2nd edition 2001
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Preface
Increasing possibilities of computer-aided data processing have caused a new revival of optical techniques in many areas of mechanical and chemical engineering. Optical methods have a long tradition in heat and mass transfer and in fluid dynamics. Global experimental information is not sufficient for developing constitution equations to describe complicated phenomena in fluid dynamics or in transfer processes by a computer program. Furthermore, a detailed insight with high local and temporal resolution into the thermoand fluiddynamic situations is necessary. Sets of equations for computer program in thermo dynamics and fluid dynamics usually consist of two types of formulations: a first one derived from the conservation laws for mass, energy and momentum, and a second one mathematically modelling transport processes like laminar or turbulent diffusion. For reliably predicting the heat transfer, for example, the velocity and temperature field in the boundary layer must be known, or a physically realist
