The Scientific Basis of Nuclear Waste Management
Waste is produced at every stage of the nuclear fuel cycle. While large volumes of short-lived radioactive waste are already handled by the nuclear industry in surface storage facilities, the management mode of high-activity, long-lived waste has not been
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. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Volume and Flux of Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Which Radionuclides in the Spent Fuel? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fission Products Are Radioactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Formation of Transuranic Isotopes in the Reactor Core . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radioactive Decay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Kind of Radioactive Emission Do We Expect from the Nuclear Waste?.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penetration of Ionizing Radiations into Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Radioactive Half-Life of the Main Radionuclides Found in Nuclear Waste .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radioactive Waste: How Dangerous Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management Options: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dispersion or Concentration? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste, Effluents, Decontamination, and Conditioning: A Systemic Vision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reprocessing or Not Reprocessing?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . World Situation for Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Institutions In Charge of Waste Management in the World.. . . . . . . . . . . . . The Waste Management Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uranium Mine Tailing Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management of Low and Intermediate Level, Short-Lived Waste (LIL-SL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interim Storage of Spent Fuel .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High Activity Waste from Reprocessing is Vitrified . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Options for the Management of Long-Lived Nuclear Waste .. .
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