The Shadow Optical Method of Caustics
The shadow optical method of caustics is a relatively new experimental technique in stress strain analysis. It was introduced by Manogg1,2 in 1964. The method is sensitive to stress gradients and therefore is an appropriate tool for quantifiying stress co
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Jörg F. Kalthoff Fraunhofer·lnstitut für Werkstoffmechanik Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany
A. Lagarde (ed.), Static and Dynamic Photoelasticity and Caustics © Springer-Verlag Wien 1987
J.F. Kalthoff
408 LIST OF SYMBOLS a
Crack length
a,b
Elasto-optical constants
A,B
Material constants in Maxwell-Neumann's law
a
Velocity dependent factor
a2,3,4 •••
Coeffients of higher order terms in crack tip stress distribution Shadow optical constant
c
Sound wave speed Longitudinal wave speed Transverse wave speed Compliance of specimen 1. Specimen thickness 2. Distance between two cracks in double crack configuration Effective thickness of the specimen Characteristic length parameter for caustic evaluation Do i
Outer, inner characteristic length parameter
0 max,min
Maximum, minimum length parameter of mixed mode caustics
•
e
Index characterizing elastic behavior
E
Young' s modulus
e:
Strain Numerical factor for caustic evaluation
f f
.
o,1
g
Numerical factor for evaluating outer, inner caustic Numerical factor for K1-determination from mixed mode caustics
G
1. Function 2. Lame's constant, G
H
E/2(l+v)
Height of specimen Numerical Factor in the HRR stress field equations J-Integral Stress intensity factor
n
1. Refractive index 2. Strain hardening coefficient
The Shadow Optical Method of Caustics
V
Poisson's ratio
0
Origin of coordinate system
p
Edge load, unit N/m
p
Index characterizing plastic behavior
p,q
Biaxial Stresses in y,x-direction
R
Radius of circular hole
r ,cp
Polar coordinate system in object plane (specimen)
r' ,CD'
Polar coordinate system in image (reference) plane
r,
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