The Smallest Anthropoids The Marmoset/Callimico Radiation

The Smallest Anthropoids:The Marmoset/Callimico Radiation represents a comprehensive examination of the callimico/marmoset clade, including the smallest anthropoid primates on earth. It explores these diminutive primates from a variety of perspectives inc

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The Smallest Anthropoids The Marmoset/Callimico Radiation

Susan M. Ford Leila M. Porter Lesa C. Davis Editors

The Smallest Anthropoids

Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects Series Editor: Russell Tuttle Department of Anthropology The University of Chicago, IL, USA

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/5852

Susan M. Ford



Leila M. Porter



Lesa C. Davis

Editors

The Smallest Anthropoids The Marmoset/Callimico Radiation

Editors Susan M. Ford Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL USA [email protected]

Leila M. Porter Northern Illinois University DeKalb, IL USA [email protected]

Lesa C. Davis Northeastern Illinois University Chicago, IL USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4419-0292-4 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-0293-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927722 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover Illustration: Top: by Wallisen Tadashi Hattori; Bottom: by Leila M. Porter Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

The marmosets and callimicos are diminutive monkeys from the Amazon basin and Atlantic Coastal Forest of South America. The marmosets are the smallest anthropoid primates in the world, ranging in size from approximately 100 to 350 g (Hershkovitz 1977; Soini 1988; Ford and Davis 1992; Araújo et al. 2000); callimicos are not much bigger, at around 350–540 g (Ford and Davis 1992; Encarnación and Heymann 1998; Garber and Leigh 2001). Overwhelming genetic evidence, from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, now indicates that these taxa represent a unified clade within the callitrichid radiation of New World monkeys, a finding that was unthinkable to all but a few geneticists a decade ago (see review in CortésOrtiz, this volume Chap. 2). With increasing evidence that the earliest anthropoids were themselves small bodied (under the 0.8–1 kg threshold that marks all other living anthropoids; see Ross and Kay 2004), the ecology, behavior, reproductive stresses, and anatomical adaptations of the marmosets and callimicos provide the best living models with which to assess the types of adaptations that may have characterized early anthropoids. When Anthony Rylands’ Marmosets and Tamarins: Systematic