The smart robot crafting approach to computing materials
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The smart robot crafting approach to computing materials Dan Luo1 · Dechen Chen2 · Jingsong Wang2 · Guanqi Zhu1 · Weiguo Xu2 Received: 15 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study presents a universal method that combines robotic/mechanical automation with image processing and artificial intelligence (AI) to generate material models without any pre-existing knowledge of the material itself. Inspired by the “hand-eye-mind” process, used typically in designing and crafting, this study proposed a digital version of the process that is capable of automatically conducting a large number of material experiments, observing them using image recognition, and subsequently training AI. The proposed method generates neural network models for common digital design environments that help to bridge a wide range of design intentions, fabrication controls, and dynamic material behaviors. In this study, two different experiments were conducted using the same method. The first one generated a material model for the bending behavior of non-linear synthetic rubber, and the other involved the dynamic control of the form-finding process of thermoplastics based on dynamic annealing, which contributed to a new 3D printing method. With current progress, we are able to prove that such a workflow is a widely adaptable method that encompasses a large variety of material properties and fabrication methods. It enables design and construction using complex material behaviors without the support of existing material/structure models. Keywords Robotic · Machine learning · Material computation
1 Introduction In the Theory and organization of the Bauhaus, Walter Gropius wrote “Conception and visualization are always simultaneous. Only the individual’s capacity to feel, to know and to execute varies in degree and in speed. True creative work can be done only by the man whose knowledge and mastery of the physical laws of statics, dynamics, optics, acoustics equip him to give life and shape to his inner vision” (Bayer * Dan Luo [email protected] Dechen Chen [email protected] Jingsong Wang [email protected] Guanqi Zhu [email protected] Weiguo Xu [email protected] 1
School of Architecture, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
2
1975). Architects and craftsmen have long benefited from experimentation with different materials and crafts, achieving deeper knowledge of design and construction through experimentation, observation, and the formulation of models and theories. This process is also referred to as the “handeye-mind” process. The development of digital technology has expanded designers’ ability to understand, design, manipulate, and fabricate materials with a new level of complexity. Structure solver software (such as SOFiSTik, Kiwi3D, Kangaroo, Rhino Vault etc.) enable designers to work with the intricate balance of forces present in complex dynamic systems that can only be captured with
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