The Social Origins of Modern Science
Edgar Zilsel (1891-1944) lived through the best of times and worst of times, through the renewal of scientific optimism and humane politics, and through the massive social collapse into idolatrous barbarism. With it all, and with his per sonal and family
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BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Editors ROBERT S. COHEN, Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKYt, (Editor 1960-1997)
Editorial Advisory Board THOMAS F. GLICK, Boston University ADOLF GRUNBAUM, University of Pittsburgh SYLVAN S. SCHWEBER, Brandeis University JOHN J. STACHEL, Boston University
VOLUME 200
EDGAR ZILSEL
THE SOCIAL ORIGINS OF MODERN SCIENCE Foreword by
JOSEPH NEEDHAM lntroduction by
DIEDERICK RAVEN & WOLFGANG KROHN Edited by
DIEDERICK RAVEN Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
WOLFGANG KROHN Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany and
ROBERT S. COHEN Boston University, Boston, U.S.A.
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for Ihis book is availablc from lhe Library of Congress
ISBN 978-1-4020-1359-1 ISBN 978-94-011-4142-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4142-0
Printed an acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Origina11y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 Sollcuver reprint uflhe hardcover IsI edilion 2003 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a rclricval system, Of transmittcd in any fOfln ar by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written pennission from the Publisher, with fhe exception of any material supplied specitically for the purpose of heing enlered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of Ihe work.
Edgar Zilsel (1891-1944) Oil painting by an unknown artist in Austrian expressionist style painted during World War I when Zilsel was in his early twenties. Picture is reproduced with kind pennission of Paul Zilsel.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
Robert S. Cohen
ix
FOREWORD
Joseph Needham
xi
ORIGIN OF THE ESSAYS
xv
A NOTE OF THE USE OF ARCHIVE MATERIAL
XVI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
XVll
EDITORIAL POLICY
xviii
INTRODUCTION: Edgar Zilsel: His Life and Work (1891-1944) Diederick Raven and Wolfgang Krohn PHOTO OF EDGAR ZILSEL
XIX
lxi
PART 1: THE SOCIAL ORIGINS OF MODERN SCIENCE
1. The Social Roots of Science
3
2. The Sociological Roots of Science
7
3. The Methods of Humanism 4. Remarks on Zilsel's 'The Methods of Humanism'
22
PaulO. Kristeller
65
5. The Origins of William Gilbert's Scientific Method
71
6. The Genesis of the Concept of Physical Law
96
7. Copernicus and Mechanics
123
8. The Genesis of the Concept of Scientific Progress and Cooperation
128
viii
PART II: PHYSICAL LAW AND SOCIO-HISTORICAL LAW
9. Problems of Empiricism
171
10. Physics and the Problem of Historico-sociological Laws
200
11. Phenomenology and Natural Science
209
12. Concerning 'Phenomenology and Natural Science'
214
13. History and Biological Evolution
216
14. Science and the Humanistic Studies
221
PART III: APPENDICES
Appendix I: The Sociological Roots of Science
227
Appendix II: Laws of Nature and Historical Laws
233
Appendix III: Bibliography of Works Cited by Zilsel
235
Appendix IV: Bibliography of Edgar Zilsel's Works With a Bibliography of Secondary Literature C
