The solubility of nickel and cobalt in iron silicate slags
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M E T A L l o s s e s in s l a g s d u r i n g n o n - f e r r o u s e x t r a c t i v e m e t a l l u r g i c a l p r o c e s s a r e of g r e a t c o n c e r n to the m e t a l l u r g i s t s , e x p e c i a l l y today a s the o r e s r e l a t i v e l y r i c h in m e t a l s a r e d i m i n i s h i n g and l a r g e v o l u m e s of s l a g s a r e involved each day in the s m e l t i n g p r a c t i c e . In o r d e r to m i n i m i z e the l o s s of m e t a l , it is n e c e s s a r y to d e t e r m i n e its f o r m and o r i g i n . T h e r e h a s been a wide d i v e r g e n c e of opinion on the s u b j e c t of the f o r m of c o p p e r in s l a g s and much h a s b e e n w r i t t e n on this s u b j e c t . However, it is now w e l l a c c e p t e d that m e t a l l o s s e s in s l a g s a r e c a u s e d b y m e c h a n i c a l e n t r a i n m e n t and c h e m i c a l d i s s o l u t i o n . We will define m e c h a n i c a l l y e n t r a i n e d m e t a l a s a s e c o n d p h a s e , high in m e t a l , d i s t r i b u t e d in a h o m o g e n e o u s s l a g p h a s e . T h i s r e s u l t s in a two liquid p h a s e s l a g s y s t e m . In the c a s e of d i s s o l v e d m e t a l we will define it a s a d i s t r i b u t i o n of a m e t a l in a s l a g r e s u l t i n g in a s i n g l e h o m o g e n e o u s p h a s e . The p u r p o s e of t h i s study was to i n v e s t i g a t e the f a c t o r s which affect the extent of the m e t a l d i s s o l v e d into the s l a g . T h e s e can be s u m m a r i z e d a s follows 1) the a c t i v i t y of the m e t a l in the m a t t e 2) the c h e m i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n and oxygen p o t e n t i a l of the s l a g , and 3) the t e m p e r a t u r e of the s y s t e m . In a p r e v i o u s c o m m u n i c a t i o n we have r e p o r t e d c o p p e r s o l u b i l i t i e s in s l a g . 1'2 In the p r e s e n t study we have u s e d the s a m e e x p e r i m e n t a l t e c h n i q u e s to i n v e s t i g a t e n i c k e l and c o b a l t s o l u b i l i t i e s in s l a g . To avoid the inv o l v e m e n t of m e c h a n i c a l e n t r a i n m e n t of m e t a l in the s l a g p h a s e due to SO2 gas b u b b l e s which a r e f o r m e d b y the r e a c t i o n b e t w e e n m a t t e and m a g n e t i t e in the s l a g , n l c k e l - g o l d a l l o y s and c o b a l t - g o l d a l l o y s w e r e used i n s t e a d of m a t t e . It h a s b e e n shown b y Toguri and S a n t a n d e r 2 that in the c a s e of c o p p e r - g o l d a l l o y s , the s o l u b i l i t y of gold is m a n y o r d e r s of magnitude l o w e r than that of c o p p e r . Thus it h a s been a s s u m e d that the use of gold g i v e s r i s e to no s e r i o u s i n t e r a c t i o n .
EXPERIMENTAL The e x p e r i m e n t a l technique a d o p t e d for t h i s study h a s been d e s c r i b e d in d e t a i l e a r l i e r . 1 Two g r a m s of S. S. WANG and J. M. TOGURI are Post-Doctoral Fellow and Professor, respectively, Department of Metallu
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