The strategies to reduce cost and improve productivity in DHA production by Aurantiochytrium sp.: from biochemical to ge
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MINI-REVIEW
The strategies to reduce cost and improve productivity in DHA production by Aurantiochytrium sp.: from biochemical to genetic respects Xiaodan Xu 1 & Changyi Huang 1 & Zhexian Xu 1 & Huixia Xu 1 & Zhao Wang 1 & Xinjun Yu 1 Received: 1 July 2020 / Revised: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The marine oleaginous protist Aurantiochytrium sp. (Schizochytrium sp.) is a well-known docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) producer and its different DHA products are the ideal substitute for the traditional fish oil resource. However, the cost of the DHA products derived from Aurantiochytrium sp. (Schizochytrium sp.) is still high, limiting their wide applications. In order to reduce the cost or improve the productivity of DHA from the microbial resource, many researches are focusing on exploring the renewable and low-cost materials as feedbacks, and/or the stimulators for biomass and DHA production. In addition, the genetic engineering is also being used in the Aurantiochytrium sp. (Schizochytrium sp.) system for further improvement. These break the bottleneck of the DHA production by Aurantiochytrium sp. (Schizochytrium sp.) in some degree. In this review, the strategies used currently to reduce cost and improve DHA productivity, mainly from the utilizations of low-cost materials and effective stimulators to the genetic engineering perspectives, are summarized, and the availabilities from the cost perspective are also evaluated. This review provides an overview about the strategies to revolve the production cost and yield of the DHA by Aurantiochytrium sp. (Schizochytrium sp.), a theoretical basis for genetic modification of Aurantiochytrium sp. (Schizochytrium sp.), and a practical basis for the development of DHA industry. Key points • Utilizations of various low-cost materials for DHA production • Inducing the growth and DHA biosynthesis by the effective stimulators • Reducing cost and improving DHA productivity by genetic modification • The availability from cost perspective is evaluated. Keywords Aurantiochytrium sp. (Schizochytrium sp.); . Renewable resource; . Cost; . Stimulator; . Genetic engineering; . Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Introduction Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:0) belongs to a ω-3 type polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and possesses numerous structural and physiological functions for human beings. Due to the rich distribution in the cellular membrane of the nervous
* Xinjun Yu [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, No.18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
system, DHA plays important roles in promoting infant developments of the brain and retina, and in maintaining adult brain functions (Bazinet and Laye 2014). Moreover, DHA has been reported to have positive and protective effects on various diseases, such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, depression, diabetes, myocardial i
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