The Stress Response of Critical Illness: Metabolic and Hormonal Aspects
This book demonstrates how the latest insights into the physiopathology of the stress response can be integrated into clinical practice. The topic is particularly relevant since the metabolic changes triggered by acute stress, including adaptive responses
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Jean-Charles Preiser Editor
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The Stress Response of Critical Illness: Metabolic and Hormonal Aspects
Jean-Charles Preiser Editor
The Stress Response of Critical Illness: Metabolic and Hormonal Aspects
Editor Jean-Charles Preiser Brussels Belgium
ISBN 978-3-319-27685-4 ISBN 978-3-319-27687-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-27687-8
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016935706 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. Albert Einstein
All living organisms share common biological characteristics, developed over hundreds of millions of years, which have allowed them to adapt and survive since the beginning of life on earth. This is particularly true for human beings, so weak and frail before the occurrence of organized civilizations. The importance of effective adaptation abilities was recognized very long ago by the Chinese and Greek physicians, although it was not before the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that the real importance of the stress response with its complex multisystem mechanisms was discovered. Claude Bernard recognized the importance of a constant milieu intérieur, insuring the function of body cells in a changing environment via adaptive mechanisms in the vital organs. Later, Walther Cannon developed further the concept of homeostasis, leading in case of failure of the homeostatic mechanisms to disequilibrium and illness. In 1936, Hans Selye published the historical Letter to the Editor of Nature, “A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents,” describing stress as the consequence of an inadequate response to harmful physical and psychological agents. The stress response was originally believed to be mainly related
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