The Sun Recorded Through History Scientific Data Extracted from Hist
The Sun Recorded Through History is a text that reconstructs past solar activity based on information from historical documents, complementing studies using other techniques. Historical accounts describing phenomena related to solar activity, such as auro
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Astrophysics and Space Science Library EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W. B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands (burton@strw. leidenuniv.nl) F. BERTOLA, University of Padua, Italy J.P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C.J. CESARSKY, European Southern Observatory, Garching bei M¨unchen, Germany P. EHRENFREUND, Leiden University, The Netherlands O. ENGVOLD, University of Oslo, Norway A. HECK, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France E.P.J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands V.M. KASPI, McGill University, Montreal, Canada J.M.E. KUIJPERS, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands P.G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India B.V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R.A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
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The Sun Recorded Through History
J. M. Vaquero Universidad Extremadura, C´aceres Spain and
M. V´azquez Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias, Tenerife Spain
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Jos´e M. Vaquero Universidad Extremadura Departamento de F´ısica Aplicada Avenida de la Universidad, s/n 10071 C´aceres Spain [email protected]
M. V´azquez Instituto de Astrof´ısica de Canarias c/ V´ıa L´actea s/n 38200 La Laguna [email protected]
ISBN 978-0-387-92789-3 e-ISBN 978-0-387-92790-9 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-92790-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009921141 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The Sun is nowadays observed using different techniques that provide an almost instantaneous 3-D map of its structure. Of particular interest is the study of the variability in the solar output produced by the dissipation of magnetic energy on different spatial and temporal scales – the so-called magnetic activity. The 11-year cycle is the main feature describing this phenomenon. Apart from its intrinsic scientific interest, this topic is worth stud
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