The TAND checklist: a useful screening tool in children with tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis type 1
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(2020) 15:237
RESEARCH
Open Access
The TAND checklist: a useful screening tool in children with tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis type 1 Francesca Cervi1†, Veronica Saletti2†, Katherine Turner1, Angela Peron1,3,4* , Sara Bulgheroni2, Matilde Taddei2, Francesca La Briola1, Maria Paola Canevini1,3 and Aglaia Vignoli1,3
Abstract Background: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are neurocutaneous disorders commonly characterized by neuropsychiatric comorbidities. The TAND (Tuberous Sclerosis Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders) Checklist is currently used to quickly screen for behavioural, psychiatric, intellectual, academic, neuropsychological and psychosocial manifestations in patients with TSC. We administered the authorized Italian version of the TAND Checklist to the parents of 42 TSC patients and 42 age- and sex-matched NF1 patients, for a total of 84 individuals, aged 4–20 years. Aims of this study: - to test the overall usability of the TAND Checklist in NF1, −to compare the results between children and adolescents with TSC and NF1, and -to examine the association between neuropsychiatric manifestations and severity of the phenotype in terms of epilepsy severity in the TSC cohort and disease severity according to the modified version of the Riccardi severity scale in the NF1 cohort. Results: TSC cohort: 35.6% had Intellectual Disability (ID), 11.9% Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), 50.0% Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 16.6% anxious/mood disorder. 33.3% had a formal diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Paying attention and concentrating (61.9%), impulsivity (54.8%), temper tantrums (54.8%), anxiety (45.2%), overactivity/hyperactivity (40.5%), aggressive outburst (40.5%), absent or delayed onset of language (40.5%), repetitive behaviors (35.7%), academic difficulties (> 40%), deficits in attention (61.9%) and executive skills (50.0%) were the most commonly reported problems. NF1 cohort: 9.5% had ID, 21.4% SLD, 46.6% ADHD, and 33.3% anxious/mood disorder. No one had a diagnosis of ASD. Commonly reported issues were paying attention and concentrating (59.5%), impulsivity (52.4%), anxiety (50.0%), overactivity/hyperactivity (38.1%), temper tantrums (38.1%), academic difficulties (> 40%), deficits in attention (59.5%), and executive skills (38.1%). Neuropsychiatric features in TSC vs NF1: Aggressive outburst and ASD features were reported significantly more frequently in TSC than in NF1. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Francesca Cervi and Veronica Saletti contributed equally to this work. 1 Epilepsy Center- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy 3 Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which pe
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