The Tensile Mechanical Properties of Thermomechanically Consolidated Titanium at Different Strain Rates
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INTRODUCTION
RECENTLY, there has been an increasingly strong interest in research and development on producing titanium and titanium alloy components and structural members by using powder metallurgy (PM) processes due to their potential in significantly reducing the production cost. As shown by review/overview articles,[1–4] the newly developed low cost titanium/titanium alloy powder production techniques such as the Armstrong and hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH) processes in combination with PM processes will likely lead to cost effective production of titanium/titanium alloy bulk materials and near-net-shaped components. Wang et al.[5] and Abakumov et al.[6] showed that using titanium hydride (TiH2) powder they can accelerate the sintering process of titanium and titanium alloy CUN LIANG and JIANQIANG YAN, PhD Students, and DELIANG ZHANG, Professor, are with the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] MINGXING MA, formerly Postdoctoral Researcher with the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, is now Associate Professor with the Central China Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou, China. MINGTU JIA and STILIANA RAYNOVA, Research Officers, are with the Waikato Center for Advanced Materials, School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted November 15, 2014. Article published online August 27, 2015 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
powders. Bolzoni et al.[7] also showed that using HDH titanium powder it is more favorable than using titanium sponge fine powder in terms of mechanical properties. Panigrahi et al.[8] found that sintering of titanium powder in a phase region is through lattice diffusion, while sintering of titanium powder in b phase region may involve rotation of grains perhaps due to the fine grains and high sintering temperature. Panigraphi[9] and Low et al.[10] showed that alloying element can accelerate the sintering of titanium powder or cause formation of giant pores. Khan et al.[11] used high velocity powder compacting technique to compact Ti-6Al-4V (wt pct) alloy powder and found that with a high ram velocity, a relative high density of ~86 pct can be achieved. Thermomechanical powder consolidation techniques such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP),[12,13] powder compact forging (PCF)[14–16], and powder compact extrusion (PCE)[17] have been used by several research groups to consolidate titanium/titanium alloy powders and titanium/alloying element/master alloy powder blends. These works showed clearly that such powder consolidation processes can achieve good mechanical properties which are comparable to those of ingot metallurgy titanium/titanium alloys with same compositions. In PCF and PCE processes, the interparticle boundaries (IPBs) are formed by pressing the neighboring powder
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