The United Nations History and Core Ideas
Before the UN could be created the idea of a global body dedicated to the preservation of peace had first to be imagined. The book traces the evolution of a complex web of ideas that emerged from the ancient world concerning the need for a governing body
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The United Nations HISTORY AND CORE IDEAS
The United Nations
The United Nations History and Core Ideas Laurence Peters
THE UNITED NATIONS
Copyright © Laurence Peters, 2015. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-55736-0 All rights reserved. First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-57852-8 ISBN 978-1-137-52866-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-52866-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Peters, Laurence, 1952– The United Nations : history and core ideas / Laurence Peters. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. United Nations—History. I. Title. JZ4986.P48 2015 341.23—dc23
2015013452
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: October 2015 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my wife Michele whose support I always treasure, and my children Noah, Jonathan, and Emma, who must like all of their generation lead us into a more peaceful and compassionate future.
Contents
List of Illustrations
ix
Foreword
xi
Introduction 1 Collective Security: The Classical Legacy 2 A Global Forum Dedicated to the Prevention of Conflict: The Visionary Architects 3 Balancing the Powers: Kant’s Key Contribution 4 The Rise of International Law: The Decisive Contribution of Hugo Grotius 5 Sovereignty: The UN and the Westphalian Legacy 6 The UN and the Rise of the Humanitarian Tradition 7 The Peaceful Settlement of Disputes 8 The Development of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Conclusion
1 11
109 141
Notes
145
Further Reading
173
Some Important United Nations–Related Websites
175
Index
177
About the Author
33 47 59 69 81 97
Illustrations
Figures
2.1 Pyramidal model 2.2 Diffused model 8.1 Thematic Organization of the UDHR
35 40 112
Tables
3.1 3.2 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4
Relationship of Kant’s Proposed Articles and those of the UN Charter and International Law Relationship between Wilson’s 14 Points and Kant’s Perpetual Peace Individual freedoms and rights Civil society rights Rights to individual conscience Social and Economic Rights
50 55 114 125 128 132
Foreword
W
e might gaze up at the 39 floors of the gleaming concrete-and-glass United Nations (UN) headquarters compactly situated overlooking New York’s East River and imagine that its futuristic design represents a quintessentially American twentieth-century invention of an international body dedicated to
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