The Usability of Clay/Pumice Mixtures Modified with Biopolymer as an Impermeable Liner
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pISSN 1226-7988, eISSN 1976-3808 www.springer.com/12205
DOI 10.1007/s12205-020-1053-7
Geotechnical Engineering
The Usability of Clay/Pumice Mixtures Modified with Biopolymer as an Impermeable Liner Zeynep Nese Kurt Albayrak
a
and Gamze Gencer
b
Dept. of Civil Engineering, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey Dept. of Transportation Services, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis 13000, Turkey
a
b
ARTICLE HISTORY
ABSTRACT
Received 22 June 2019 Revised 1st 13 February 2020 Revised 2nd 4 June 2020 Accepted 13 August 2020 Published Online 4 November 2020
In geotechnical engineering, it is frequently benefited from clays as an impermeable liner in landfills, as a clay core providing impermeability in earth dams. However, geotechnical properties of such soils may change in the course of time due to the changes occurred in their water contents depending on the clay’s mineralogical and chemical structure. To overcome such problems, clay soils are attempted to be improved with chemical additives. In this research, geotechnical properties of the specimens that had been obtained by mixing pumicecontaining clay soils with biopolymers were studied. For this purpose, firstly, natural clay was mixed with the pumice powder at certain percentages to produce clays containing pumice. Then, these pumice containing clays were interacted with locust bean gum at certain percentages to produce clay-pumice specimens containing biopolymer. The experimental results showed that liquid limit values increase with the increase in the biopolymer percentage, and the specimens exhibit non-plastic characteristic. Furthermore, with the increase in locust bean gum, dry unit weights of the specimens decreased, their unconfined compressive strength increased and their hydraulic conductivity values changed. Thus, it may be said that clay/pumice mixtures containing that eco-friendly biopolymer may be used in landfill areas as an impermeable liner.
KEYWORDS Clay Biopolymer Pumice Geotechnical properties Hydraulic conductivity Impermeable liner
1. Introduction Clay soils are used in many areas in geotechnical engineering (Holtz and Kovacs, 1981; Mitchell and Soga, 2005; Heidarzadeh, 2019; Heidarzadeh and Kamgar, 2020). It is benefited from clay soils especially in earth dams as a clay core providing impermeability, and in landfills as a component providing impermeability. Pumice is a light, porous rock formed from volcanic phenomena (Whitham and Sparks, 1986). Pumice, which is prevalently used in the area of civil engineering in production of light construction material, is available in many places in Turkey especially in Bitlis. It is known that high quality pumice beds are available in Bitlis in quantity of 81.500.000 tons and they partially does not require washing process (MTA, 2010). Studies related to engineering and geotechnical properties of pumicecontaining clay soils are limited in number in the literature (Kalay, 2010; Saltan et al., 2011; Gokalp et al., 2012). Biopolymers are natural products produced from organisms
CORRESPONDENCE
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