The Virtual Fields Method Extracting Constitutive Mechanical Paramet
The Virtual Fields Method: Extracting Constitutive Mechanical Parameters from Full-field Deformation Measurements is the first book on the Virtual Fields Method (VFM), a technique to identify materials mechanical properties from full-field measurements. F
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Fabrice Pierron • Michel Gr´ediac
The Virtual Fields Method Extracting Constitutive Mechanical Parameters from Full-field Deformation Measurements
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Prof. Fabrice Pierron Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Arts et M´etiers (ENSAM) Rue Saint Dominique 51006 Chˆalons en Champagne France
Michel Gr´ediac Universit´e Clermont-Ferrand II and CNRS Institut Pascal Campus de Clermont-Ferrand les C´ezeaux 63175 Aubi`ere Cedex France
ISBN 978-1-4614-1823-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-1824-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-1824-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012930384 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Professor Alain Vautrin opening the ICEM14 conference as EURASEM President on July 4th 2010 in Poitiers, France
This book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Alain Vautrin (1949–2011), the PhD supervisor and early career mentor of both authors, whose visionary scientific contribution led to the emergence of the Virtual Fields Method.
This book would never have materialized without the loving support of the authors wives, Colette Gr´ediac and Anne Pierron, as well as the energy and joy procured by their children Ga´etan, Fabien and Sophie Gr´ediac and Jeanne Pierron. The role of partner and child of academic researchers is not always easy but it is essential to procure the balance needed to sustain such long-term efforts. To that respect, this book is also theirs.
Foreword
The idea of using more complex test configurations coupled to full-field deformation measurements and inverse identification gradually emerged in the late 1980s when computer image processing made it possible to process experimental data in an automated way. Indeed, in the early days of optical full-field measurements, the data from techniques like photoelasticity or holography had to be processed manually, and although they were full-field in nature and provided a visual information about strain and stress distributions, they could only provide a few quantitative measurement points because of the burdensome data extraction procedures. As a consequence, such techniques were confined to specialized laboratories where pioneering work was conducted to develop them for engineering applications. H
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