The vocal repertoire of the Cactus Conure Eupsittula cactorum (Aves; Psittaciformes)
- PDF / 893,148 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 92 Downloads / 146 Views
The vocal repertoire of the Cactus Conure Eupsittula cactorum (Aves; Psittaciformes) Bruno Araujo Martins 1 & Carlos Barros de Araújo 2,3
# Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia 2020
Abstract Few species of Psittaciformes have the vocal repertoire used to facilitate complex social interactions described. The Cactus Conure (Eupsittula cactorum) is not an exception since it depends on acoustic communication for many aspects of its biology. Here, we describe the vocal repertoire of E. cactorum. The research was undertaken between September 2015 and April 2016 at Quixadá (Ceará state, Brazil), where the birds were recorded in the early mornings (05:00–09:00 h) and late afternoons (15:00– 18:00 h). During the observations, we recorded the calls and described the behavioral responses to each of these calls. We found nine calls, namely sentinel, flight contact, food appeal, flight call, alarm, alarm II; juvenile alarm, agonistic, congregation. A multinomial regression shows that each of these components is structurally different, and displays enough call differentiation to guarantee efficient communication. The species is especially vocally active when the individuals are in large flocks, but the individuals are discreet and quiet when alone or in pairs. On these behavioral contexts, it was common to observe low-intensity signals, proper for close-range interactions. Overall, E. cactorum shows a complex repertoire, which is somewhat expected for social species. Keywords Bioacoustics . Cactus parakeet . Communication . Flight call
Introduction Communication can be defined as the way one mind affects another (Weaver 1949). The process consists in the transmission of information (a signal) from an emitter to a receptor, which triggers a behavioral response (Weaver 1949). Even though present definitions of communication include the evolutionary process as a way to differentiate signals (selection acts over both sender and receiver) from cues (selection acts on the receiver only) and coercion (selection acts on sender only) Communicated by: Carla S. Fontana * Bruno Araujo Martins [email protected] 1
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Departamento de Biologia, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
2
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil
3
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
(Maynard-Smith and Harper 2003; Scott-Philips 2008), behavioral responses are always on the center of any definition of communication, even if communication systems are complex and behavioral responses are difficult to describe (Hebets and Papaj 2005). It is the behavioral responses to a signal that allow the proper description of species’ vocal repertoire under any definition of communication (de Araújo et al. 2011). Several communication modes have arisen throughout evolutionary history, and the ef
Data Loading...
