The Welfare Trait How State Benefits Affect Personality
The welfare state has a problem: each generation living under its protection has lower work motivation than the previous one. In order to fix this problem we need to understand its causes, lest the welfare state ends up undermining its own economic and so
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The Welfare Trait How State Benefits Affect Personality Adam Perkins Lecturer in the Neurobiology of Personality, King’s College London, UK
© Adam Perkins 2016 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-137-55528-1 ISBN 978-1-137-55529-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-55529-8
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Perkins, Adam, 1972– author. The welfare trait : how state benefits affect personality / Adam Perkins. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. 1. Personality and occupation. 2. Public welfare—Psychological aspects. 3. Welfare recipients—Psycology. 4. Welfare recipients— Attitudes. 5. Personality change. I. Title. BF698.9.O3P46 2015 155.9 2—dc23 2015020341
Contents
List of Illustrations
vi
Acknowledgements
viii
Preface
x
1 What Is Personality and Why Does the Welfare State Matter?
1
2 The Employment-Resistant Personality Profile
18
3 The Lifelong Impact of Personality
40
4 The Influence of Benefits on Claimant Reproduction
54
5 Childhood Disadvantage and Employment-Resistance
79
6 Genetic Influences on Personality
97
7 Personality as a Product of Nature and Nurture
112
8 A Model of How the Welfare State Leads to Personality Mis-Development
122
9 Further Evidence for Welfare-Induced Personality Mis-Development
140
10 What Next?
175
References
186
Index
197
v
Illustrations Figures 2.1 The personality-filtering process triggered by the implementation of the w
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