Theoretical Knowledge

Vyacheslav Stepin (born 19.08.1934) is a distinguished Russian philosopher, PhD, Professor, active member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honoured Professor of Moscow State University and Honorary Doctor of the Karlsruhe University (Germany). He is th

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ISBN 978-1-4020-3045-1

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SYLI 326

9 781402 030451

THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

The aim of Synthese Library is to provide a forum for the best current work in the methodology and philosophy of science and in epistemology. A wide variety of different approaches have traditionally been represented in the Library, and every effort will be made to maintain this variety, not for its own sake, but because we believe that there are many fruitful and illuminating approaches to the philosophy of science and related disciplines. Special attention is paid to methodological studies which illustrate the interplay of empirical and philosophical viewpoints and to contributions to the formal (logical, set-theoretical, mathematical, information-theoretical, decision-theoretical, etc.) methodology of empirical science. Likewise, the applications of logical methods to epistemology as well as philosophically and methodologically relevant studies in logic are strongly encouraged. The emphasis on logic will be tempered by interest in the psychological, historical, and sociological aspects of science.

VYACHESLAV STEPIN

STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND

326

SYNTHESE LIBRARY / VOLUME 326

VYACHESLAV STEPIN

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SYNTHESE LIBRARY

THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Editor-in-Chief:

VINCENT F. HENDRICKS, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark JOHN SYMONS, University of Texas at El Paso, U.S.A.

Honorary Editor: JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University, U.S.A.

Editors: DIRK VAN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University of Groningen, The Netherlands TEDDY SEIDENFELD, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.A. PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California, U.S.A. JAN WOLEN´SKI, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland

VOLUME 326

Theoretical Knowledge by

VYACHESLAV STEPIN Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-13

1-4020-3045-2 (HB) 1-4020-3046-0 (e-book) 978-1-4020-3045-1 (HB) 978-1-4020-3046-8 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

www.springeronline.com

Printed on acid-free paper

English ranslation by A. G. Georgie and E. D. Rumiantseva

All Rights Reserved © 2005 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.

CONTENTS Preface to the English Edition Preface

ix xi

CHAPTER ONE SCIENTIFIC COGNITION IN A SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT SCIENCE IN THE TECHNOGENIC CIVILIZATION CULTURE Traditional and technogenic civilizations Global crises a