Theories and Simulations of Complex Social Systems

Research into social systems is challenging due to their complex nature. Traditional methods of analysis are often difficult to apply effectively as theories evolve over time. This can be due to a lack of appropriate data, or too much uncertainty. It can

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Vahid Dabbaghian Vijay Kumar Mago Editors

Theories and Simulations of Complex Social Systems

Intelligent Systems Reference Library Volume 52

Series Editors Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Lakhmi C. Jain, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia e-mail: [email protected]

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8578

About this Series The aim of this series is to publish a Reference Library, including novel advances and developments in all aspects of Intelligent Systems in an easily accessible and well structured form. The series includes reference works, handbooks, compendia, textbooks, well-structured monographs, dictionaries, and encyclopedias. It contains well integrated knowledge and current information in the field of Intelligent Systems. The series covers the theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, computer science, avionics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, physics and life science are included.

Vahid Dabbaghian Vijay Kumar Mago •

Editors

Theories and Simulations of Complex Social Systems

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Editors Vahid Dabbaghian The IRMACS Centre Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada

Vijay Kumar Mago Department of Computer Science Troy University Troy USA

Vijay Kumar Mago started this work when he was at the IRMACS Centre, SFU, Burnaby, BC, Canada

ISSN 1868-4394 ISBN 978-3-642-39148-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-39149-1

ISSN 1868-4408 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-642-39149-1 (eBook)

Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013950736 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and theref