Thermal behavior and failure mechanism of large format lithium-ion battery
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Thermal behavior and failure mechanism of large format lithium-ion battery Daban Lu 1 & Shaoxiong Lin 1
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Shuwan Hu 1 & Wen Cui 1 & Tingting Fang 1 & Azhar Iqbal 1 & Zheng Zhang 1 & Wen Peng 1
Received: 18 June 2020 / Revised: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Thermal runaway (TR) behavior of 38 Ah lithium-ion batteries with various states of charge (SOC) is experimentally investigated in this work using extended volume plus accelerating rate calorimeter (EV+ ARC). Some of the critical kinetic parameters, such as onset exothermic temperature (Tonset), temperature of TR (TTR), and maximum temperature (Tmax), can be obtained to characterize the risks of TR event. The impact of SOC on thermal stability of the battery is researched. It is found that the higher the SOC state, the lower the battery safety. Thermal features of both the cathode and anode, as well as the materials, are also investigated. The morphology and the structure change of the materials are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, a general theory is proposed and detailed reactions are summarized in this work. The thermal runaway follows a mechanism of chain reactions, during which the decomposition reactions of the battery component materials occur one after another. Keywords Lithium-ion battery . Thermal runaway . Accelerating rate calorimeter . Mechanism
Introduction Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage stations for facing the energy shortage and air pollution [1, 2]. However, their applications have been limited because they need better thermal stability to reduce the safety risks. If one battery undergoes thermal runaway (TR), the released heat may cause fire and explosion. Therefore, TR behavior is an important research topic which has been at the center of safety events [3–9]. Ren et al. [6] develop a predictive battery TR model based on kinetics analysis of six exothermic reactions (cathode+anode+electrolyte, cathode+electrolyte, anode+electrolyte, cathode+anode, cathode, anode). The kinetics parameters of each exothermic reactions are identified from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test results at variant heating rates using Kissinger’s method and nonlinear fitting method. The model can well * Shaoxiong Lin [email protected] * Zheng Zhang [email protected] 1
Hefei Gotion High-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd, Hefei 230011, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
reflect the battery safety performance based on kinetics analysis of cell components and be trusted to predict battery safety performance without assembling a real battery. Feng et al. [8] summarize the mitigation strategies at the material level, cell level, and system level for the TR of lithium-ion batteries. A time-sequence map with states and flows clearly describes the evolution of the physical and/or chemical processes in all kinds of TR. Moreover, the literat
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