Thermal Shock and Ablation Behavior of Tungsten Nozzle Produced by Plasma Spray Forming and Hot Isostatic Pressing
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JTTEE5 24:1026–1037 DOI: 10.1007/s11666-015-0281-8 1059-9630/$19.00 Ó ASM International
Thermal Shock and Ablation Behavior of Tungsten Nozzle Produced by Plasma Spray Forming and Hot Isostatic Pressing Y.M. Wang, X. Xiong, Z.W. Zhao, L. Xie, X.B. Min, J.H. Yan, G.M. Xia, and F. Zheng (Submitted December 29, 2014; in revised form June 25, 2015) Tungsten nozzle was produced by plasma spray forming (PSF, relative density of 86 ± 2%) followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing, 97 ± 2%) at 2000 °C and 180 MPa for 180 min. Scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffractometer, Archimedes method, Vickers hardness, and tensile tests have been employed to study microstructure, phase composition, density, micro-hardness, and mechanical properties of the parts. Resistance of thermal shock and ablation behavior of W nozzle were investigated by hot-firing test on solid rocket motor (SRM). Comparing with PSF nozzle, less damage was observed for HIPed sample after SRM test. Linear ablation rate of nozzle made by PSF was (0.120 ± 0.048) mm/s, while that after HIPing reduced to (0.0075 ± 0.0025) mm/s. Three types of ablation mechanisms including mechanical erosion, thermophysical erosion, and thermochemical ablation took place during hot-firing test. The order of degree of ablation was nozzle throat > convergence > dilation inside W nozzle.
Keywords
ablation behavior, hot isostatic pressing, plasma spray forming, thermal shock, tungsten nozzle
1. Introduction Tungsten and tungsten composites (such as copper infiltrated tungsten) are widely used to produce rudder and nozzle of solid rocket motor (SRM), nose caps of missiles, and other high-temperature components of aviation industry for their high melting points, high thermal shock resistance, and high ablation resistance (Ref 1–5). For example, tungsten and tungsten composite nozzle, as a key component for solid rocket motor (SRM), can withstand harsh working environment of high-temperature (>2000 °C) and high-velocity (>1000 m/s) flaming gas carrying tiny ceramic particles (Ref 1). As a result, the Y.M. Wang, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples Republic of China and College of Electromechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, Peoples Republic of China; X. Xiong and L. Xie, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples Republic of China; Z.W. Zhao, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples Republic of China; X.B. Min and G.M. Xia, Hunan Research Institute of Metallurgy and Materials, Changsha 410014, Hunan, Peoples Republic of China; J.H. Yan, College of Electromechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, Peoples Republic of China; and F. Zheng, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples Republic of China. Contact e-mail: [email protected].
1026—Volume 24(6) August
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