Thermal stability study of transition metal perovskite sulfides
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INVITED PAPER Thermal stability study of transition metal perovskite sulfides Shanyuan Niu Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
JoAnna Milam-Guerrero Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
Yucheng Zhou, Kevin Ye, and Boyang Zhao Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
Brent C. Melot Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
Jayakanth Ravichandrana) Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA; and Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA (Received 8 July 2018; accepted 16 October 2018)
Transition metal perovskite chalcogenides, a class of materials with rich tunability in functionalities, are gaining increased attention as candidate materials for renewable energy applications. Perovskite oxides are considered excellent n-type thermoelectric materials. Compared to oxide counterparts, we expect the chalcogenides to possess more favorable thermoelectric properties such as lower lattice thermal conductivity and smaller band gap, making them promising material candidates for high temperature thermoelectrics. Thus, it is necessary to study the thermal properties of these materials in detail, especially thermal stability, to evaluate their potential. In this work, we report the synthesis and thermal stability study of five compounds, a-SrZrS3, b-SrZrS3, BaZrS3, Ba2ZrS4, and Ba3Zr2S7. These materials cover several structural types including distorted perovskite, needle-like, and Ruddlesden–Popper phases. Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis measurements were performed up to 1200 °C in air. Structural and chemical characterizations such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and energy dispersive analytical X-ray spectroscopy were performed on all the samples before and after the heat treatment to understand the oxidation process. Our studies show that perovskite chalcogenides possess excellent thermal stability in air at least up to 550 °C.
I. INTRODUCTION
Rational design of new materials or identification of new functionalities in underexplored materials, especially semiconductors, has been a key contributor to electronic, photonic, and energy technologies. Transition metal perovskite chalcogenides (TMPCs), a class of materials with rich tunability and functionality, are currently of high interest for applications such as solar cells and infrared detectors among other applications. TMPCs have a general chemical formula of ABX3, where A is an alkaline earth metal such as Ba, Sr, and Ca, B is a transition metal such as Ti, Zr, and Hf, and X is a chalcogen such as S and Se. Specifically, materials with early transit
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