Thermo-mechanical recycling effects on morphology and properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/olive husk flour co
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Thermo‑mechanical recycling effects on morphology and properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/olive husk flour composites Nadjet Dehouche1 · Mustapha Kaci1 · Nassima Kaid1 Received: 5 February 2019 / Accepted: 2 December 2019 © Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology 2019
Abstract The effects of thermo-mechanical recycling through repeated extrusion cycles on morphology and properties of neat ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and EVA/olive husk flour (OHF) composites (70/30 w/w) with and without ethylene–butyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate (EBAGMA) compatibilizer were investigated in a single screw extruder machine up to five repeated cycles. The study showed that no significant modifications in the properties of the virgin EVA/OHF composite were observed along the recycling and this stability was further enhanced in the presence of EBAGMA. Indeed after five repeated extrusion cycles, the chemical structure and properties of both uncompatibilized and compatibilized composites remained unchanged compared to the neat polymer, which was subjected likely to cross-linking, in the fifth cycle. Furthermore, SEM analysis showed a better dispersion of OHF particles in EVA matrix and a good filler–polymer interfacial adhesion, being, however, more pronounced for the compatibilized composite. Keywords EVA · Olive husk flour · Composites · EBAGMA compatibilizer · Recycling
Introduction Nowadays, recycling of polymer materials is the object of a large attention aiming to solve two major problems: one is the economy of raw materials, while the other is the decrease in environmental pollution [1]. In this context, the use of renewable materials as lignocellulosic fillers with thermoplastic polymers is an interesting research topic for a great number of researchers and manufacturers [2]. Indeed, the addition of wood filler as a renewable natural material in polymer composites aims to produce a unique combination of high performance, great versatility, light weight, recyclability, biodegradability and processing advantages at favourable cost [3–5]. Extrusion, injection and compression mouldings are the classical techniques for the processing of wood plastics composites [6]. However, the use of high processing temperatures coupled with intensive shear rates often results in degradation, which affects to some extent * Nadjet Dehouche [email protected] Mustapha Kaci [email protected] 1
Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés (LMPA), Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
the performance of the materials [7]. Knowledge of microstructural changes arising from reprocessing of polymer composites is needed in order to find appropriate and useful applications of these materials and to evaluate their recycling potential [8]. Although a significant research work on the reprocessing of the most common polymers, including commodity polymers, engineering plastics and composites is provided in the literature, studies on reprocessing of wood composites-based EVA copolymer are
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