Thermodynamic Assessment of Liquid Fe-Ni-C Alloy Using Modified Quasichemical Model
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04487-9 Ó 2020 The Author(s)
THERMODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF CRITICAL METALS PROCESSING AND RECOVERY
Thermodynamic Assessment of Liquid Fe-Ni-C Alloy Using Modified Quasichemical Model MIN-KYU PAEK ,1,5 JUNMO JEON,1 MANAS PALIWAL,2 ARIJIT BISWAS,3 DANIEL LINDBERG,1 and JONG-JIN PAK4 1.—Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland. 2.—Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India. 3.—Division of Ferro Alloys and Minerals, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur 831009, India. 4.—Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, ERICA, Ansan 15588, Korea. 5.—e-mail: [email protected]
The liquid solution properties in the Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-C systems have been thermodynamically assessed using the modified quasichemical model in the pair approximation. The asymmetry of the Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-C alloy melts was verified by measuring the melting points of Fe-Ni binary alloys on the Ni-rich side, and the C solubility limit in Fe-Ni melt over the entire concentration range at 1500°C and 1600°C. The solubility minimum of C and the maximum partial enthalpy of mixing of C in the ternary Fe-Ni-C system occurred at near the maximum short-range ordering composition of the binary Fe-Ni liquid solution. The extrema of the partial properties of C in the ternary Fe-Ni-C system were successfully reproduced with only one constant adjustable ternary parameter.
INTRODUCTION Recently, high-nickel-containing alloys have received much attention for the production of superalloys and high-entropy alloys because they can enhance the mechanical properties of the alloys, such as high corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength, and low thermal expansion properties at a specific Ni concentration.1,2 Even though the Ni concentration has been increasing for such special grades of steels and alloys, the information on the liquid solution properties of Ni-based alloys is still scant. Contrary to the recent experimental studies on the ordered/disorder transition of face centered cubic (FCC) solid solution in a low-temperature range,3,4 little has been reported on the melting point of the Ni-rich side in the Fe-Ni system since the 1920s.5,6 In addition, the control of C content during the refining and heat treatment of high-Nicontaining alloy production is a big issue because (Received August 7, 2020; accepted November 2, 2020)
the carbon content significantly influences the strength and ductility in the Ni-based alloys by suppressing the dislocation motion.7,8 However, the thermodynamic behavior of C in the ternary Fe-NiC liquid solution has not been clearly described at high temperatures. The demand for high-purity raw materials containing Ni is also rising due to the development of various Ni-based alloys. With increasing price and supply risks, an alternative would be to recycle the valuable metal from industrial wastes. Based on the pyrometallurgical extraction process, the
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