Thermodynamics, Gibbs Method and Statistical Physics of Electron Gases
This book deals with theoretical thermodynamics and the statistical physics of electron and particle gases. While treating the laws of thermodynamics from both classical and quantum theoretical viewpoints, it posits that the basis of the statistical theor
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atomic, optical, and plasma physics
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Springer Series on
atomic, optical, and plasma physics The Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics covers in a comprehensive manner theory and experiment in the entire f ield of atoms and molecules and their interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Books in the series provide a rich source of new ideas and techniques with wide applications in f ields such as chemistry, materials science, astrophysics, surface science, plasma technology, advanced optics, aeronomy, and engineering. Laser physics is a particular connecting theme that has provided much of the continuing impetus for new developments in the f ield. The purpose of the series is to cover the gap between standard undergraduate textbooks and the research literature with emphasis on the fundamental ideas, methods, techniques, and results in the f ield. Please view available titles in Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics on series homepage http://www.springer.com/series/411
Bahram M. Askerov Sophia R. Figarova
Thermodynamics, Gibbs Method and Statistical Physics of Electron Gases With 101 Figures
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Prof. Bahram M. Askerov Dr. Sophia Figarova Baku State University Z ahid K halilov St. 23 370148 Baku, Azerbaijan [email protected] [email protected]
Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics ISSN 1615-5653 ISBN 978-3-642-03170-0 e-ISBN 978-3-642-03171-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-03171-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009936788 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specif ically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microf ilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specif ic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publisher Services Printed on acid-free paper
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Preface
Thermodynamics and statistical physics study the physical properties (mechanical, thermal, magnetic, optical, electrical, etc.) of the macroscopic system. The tasks and objects of study in thermodynamics and statistical physics are identical. However, the methods of investigation into macroscopic systems are different. Thermodynamics is a phenomenological theory. It studies the properties of bodies, without going into the mechanism of phenomena, i.e., not taking in
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