Thick Low-Friction nc-MeC/a-C Nanocomposite Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: Microstructure and Tribological Properties in S
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CARBON-BASED nanocomposite coatings have been intensively investigated in the last decade due to the possibility of synthesis of numerous new materials with unique properties. A general feature of such nanocomposite coatings is a host amorphous carbon matrix with inclusions of another phase or phases (crystalline or amorphous) uniformly embedded in it, with one (or more) of these items having a characteristic length scale of the range 1 ‚ 100 nm.[1] Low-friction nanocomposite coatings based on the dispersion of SŁAWOMIR ZIMOWSKI and MARCIN KOT, Assistant Professors, are with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krako´w, Poland. Contact e-mail: zimowski @imir.agh.edu.pl TOMASZ MOSKALEWICZ, Assistant Professor, and ALEKSANDRA CZYRSKA-FILEMONOWICZ, Professor, are with the Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krako´w, Poland. BOGDAN WENDLER, Professor, is with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lodz, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland. Manuscript submitted September 28, 2013. Article published online May 17, 2014 3916—VOLUME 45A, AUGUST 2014
titanium or tungsten nanocrystalline carbides in a solid lubricant phase, such as amorphous carbon a-C, have a relatively low coefficient of friction (COF), reasonably high hardness and a high resistance to wear.[2–5] Understanding the nano/microstructure of the lowfriction coating is important while establishing the processing–microstructure–properties relationship necessary to develop effective low-friction systems. By controlling the size and volume fraction of hard nanocrystalline inclusions in a softer, amorphous matrix and, as a result, the spacing between the nanocrystalline carbides embedded in the matrix, the tribological properties of the nanocomposite coatings might be easily tailored. A decrease in the COF and simultaneous increase in the wear resistance of coated components should increase the life-time and reliability of machine parts and reduce operating costs. In addition, implementation of self-lubricating nc-MeC/a-C coatings allows users to reduce the use of costly lubricants, eliminate harmful oil waste and has a significant beneficial effect on environmental protection.[2,6] The performance of nanocomposite coatings with a low COF is strongly influenced by their micro/nanostructure.[7,8] The micro/nanostructure characterization of thin coatings is essentially a complex task and can be best performed by means of advanced transmission METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
electron microscopy (TEM). Advanced TEM allows precise phase identification in multiphase and/or multilayered materials with a spatial resolution down to the nano-scale. Analytical electron microscopy simultaneously gains information about the morphology, crystallography, and chemical composition of the investigated
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