Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases Pablo Caro-Dominguez 1 & Susan Cheng Shelmerdine 2,3,4 & Seema Toso 5 & Aurelio Secinaro 6 & Paolo Toma 6 & Maria Beatrice Damasio 7 & María Navallas 8 & Lucia Riaza-Martin 9 & David Gomez-Pastrana 10 & Maryam Ghadimi Mahani 11 & Sarah M. Desoky 12 & Carlos F. Ugas Charcape 13 & Judith Almanza-Aranda 14 & Maria Elena Ucar 15 & Jovan Lovrenski 16 & Sureyya Burcu Gorkem 17 & Efthymia Alexopoulou 18 & Pierluigi Ciet 19 & Joost van Schuppen 20 & Hubert Ducou le Pointe 21 & Hyun Woo Goo 22 & Christian J. Kellenberger 23 & Maria Raissaki 24 & Catherine M. Owens 2,25 & Franz Wolfgang Hirsch 26 & Rick R. van Rijn 20 & Collaborators of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Cardiothoracic Task Force Received: 13 April 2020 / Revised: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Pulmonary infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide to become a global pandemic. Objective To collect paediatric COVID-19 cases worldwide and to summarize both clinical and imaging findings in children who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods Data were collected by completion of a standardised case report form submitted to the office of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology from March 12 to April 8, 2020. Chest imaging findings in children younger than 18 years old who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2 were included. Representative imaging studies were evaluated by multiple senior paediatric radiologists from this group with expertise in paediatric chest imaging. Results Ninety-one children were included (49 males; median age: 6.1 years, interquartile range: 1.0 to 13.0 years, range: 9 days– 17 years). Most had mild symptoms, mostly fever and cough, and one-third had coexisting medical conditions. Eleven percent of children presented with severe symptoms and required intensive unit care. Chest radiographs were available in 89% of patients and 10% of them were normal. Abnormal chest radiographs showed mainly perihilar bronchial wall thickening (58%) and/or airspace consolidation (35%). Computed tomography (CT) scans were available in 26% of cases, with the most common abnormality being ground glass opacities (88%) and/or airspace consolidation (58%). Tree in bud opacities were seen in 6 of 24 CTs (25%). Lung ultrasound and chest magnetic resonance imaging were rarely utilized. Conclusion It seems unnecessary to perform chest imaging in children to diagnose COVID-19. Chest radiography can be used in symptomatic children to assess airway infection or pneumonia. CT should be reserved for when there is clinical concern to assess for possible complications, especially in children with coexisting medical conditions. Keywords Children . Computed tomography . Coronavirus . COVID-19 . Imaging . Lower respi
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