Three-dimensional imaging and three-dimensional printing for plastic preparation of medical interventions
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Daniel Cantré1 · Sönke Langner1 · Sebastian Kaule2 · Stefan Siewert2 · Klaus-Peter Schmitz2,3 · André Kemmling4 · Marc-André Weber1 1
© Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020
Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany 2 Institute for Implant Technology and Biomaterials e. V., associated Institution of the University of Rostock, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany 3 Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany 4 Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
Three-dimensional imaging and three-dimensional printing for plastic preparation of medical interventions Background Three-dimensional image reconstruction is state of the art in clinical radiology Computed three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction of digital imaging data has been available for nearly four decades [25]. Advances in virtual 3D reconstruction have helped greatly to improve visualization of complex anatomic relations—both for radiologists as well as for clinical partners and patients [28]. Today, virtual 3D reconstruction of CT images of any given anatomic region is possible with photorealistic results [11]. While radiologists are experts in cognitively transferring information of 2D, grey-scale imaging data to an individual patient’s anatomy, many clinical partners and patients benefit from anatomically precise 3D visualizations [13, 26]. Virtual 3D image reconstruction is regarded as state of the art in the visualization of diagnosis and surgical therapy planning, for intraoperative correlation of imaging findings, for volumetry of organs, tissues, and tumors, and for visualization of individual pathology in patient education [10]. For example, overlaying the rendered virtual 3D model of a patient’s aortic root with preformed virtual 3D models of implantable aortic valves
allows for precise preprocedural sizing and positioning of the implant, and is routinely performed in planning of transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedures (TAVI) [34]. However, the presentation of virtual 3D reconstructions on 2D displays is sometimes regarded as a limiting factor, especially for persons used to haptic feedback, i.e., surgeons [22]. Augmented reality and virtual reality are emerging promising technologies to further the potentials of 3D imaging; however, these are outside of the scope of this article [37].
Medical three-dimensional printing is a novel technology closely related to diagnostic imaging Three-dimensional printing or, more precisely, additive manufacturing, was introduced in the 1980s [6]. The potential for life sciences was quickly recognized and printing of the first medical image-derived anatomic models started in the early 1990s [19]. Over the past decade, the market share of 3D printers began to rise exponentially, and medical 3D printing is being evaluated in many medical disciplines [5]. A lot of different techniques and materials
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