Three-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals based on artificial opals: fabrication and properties
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Three-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals based on artificial opals: fabrication and properties
A. V. Baryshev1,2, T. Kodama1, K. Nishimura1, H. Uchida1, and M. Inoue1,3 1 Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibari-Ga-Oka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Japan 2 Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 St.-Petersburg, Russia. 3 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Hongou Tsuna Bldg. 8F, Hongou 6-17-9, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ABSTRACT We have fabricated three-dimensional magnetophotonic (3D MPCs) crystals based on artificial opals. Structural and magnetic properties of 3D MPCs were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. It was shown that increase of volume fraction of magnetite in the opal lattice leads to a dramatic decrease of transmitted light intensity in the visible region. We also found considerable changes in the Faraday rotation inside the (111) photonic bandgap of an opal–magnetite magnetophotonic crystal. INTRODUCTION Photonic crystals [1], the artificial matter which consists of repeated dielectric elements with periods in the nano- and micrometer scale regions, are currently attractive due to their unique property – a photonic band structure for electromagnetic waves. These crystals are characterized by one-, two- or three-dimensional dielectric lattices. It was observed that light with wavelength close to the period of the dielectric lattice will bounce in the bulk of a crystal and reflect back. This phenomenon, known as Bragg diffraction, had been investigated in photonic crystals over the last decade and it was shown that there exists a range of wavelengths (so-called stop bands or photonic bandgaps) through which electromagnetic waves can not propagate through the photonic crystal along certain directions. Three-dimensional photonic crystals are of great interest because for the sufficiently high dielectric contrast they exhibit a full photonic band gap: a situation where stop bands could overlap in all directions in the crystal. Today, there are a few kinds of three-dimensional photonic crystals for the visible range (artificial opals [2,3], inverted opals [4,5] and colloidal crystals [6,7]) which are promising for fundamental research and future optoelectronic applications. Recently, we reported that one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals (MPC) composed of dielectric and magnetic materials exhibit remarkable magneto-optical properties accompanied by a huge augmentation in their Kerr and Faraday rotations [8], and a giant enhancement of the nonlinear magneto-optical response was observed [9]. A detailed investigation of threedimensional photonic crystals based on artificial opals was reported in Ref. 10, where it was shown that artificial opals have unique features to control visible light: they can diffract light selectively in three-dimensional space and split a light beam into several beams. In comparison with known three-dimensional photonic crystals, we consider 3D M
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