Three dimensional numerical analysis of heat transfer during spray quenching of 22MnB5 steel with a single nozzle
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ORIGINAL
Three dimensional numerical analysis of heat transfer during spray quenching of 22MnB5 steel with a single nozzle Emre Bulut 1 & Gökhan Sevilgen 1
&
Ferdi Eşiyok 2 & Ferruh Öztürk 1 & Tuğçe Turan Abi 2
Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, a three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Model (CFD) model was generated for spray cooling of straight parts by using a single point nozzle. The numerical simulations of spray quenching were performed to investigate the cooling rate of a 22MnB5 hot steel blank commonly used material in the automotive industry. Experiments are carried out to examine infrared thermograph of hot steel blank surfaces during spray cooling process by using infrared thermal camera. Time dependent situations of surface temperatures, surface heat fluxes and cooling areas are investigated numerically. The 3D model with some assumptions is presented to improve the solution of numeric simulation and to meet the most appropriate acceptable results for spray cooling process. The developed 3D model will be used to investigate the heat transfer analysis of hot stamped parts during hybrid quenching to optimize the process parameters. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results showed that the presented approach can be effectively used to evaluate heat transfer during spray quenching with a single nozzle. With this research, it was clearly seen that the estimated cooling rates and the temperatures were in good agreement with the experimental cooling temperature data. By using the numerical results and experimental data obtained in this study, multi-nozzle spray apparatus which will be used to obtain different cooling rates on the parts by changing spray parameters such as spray height, spray angle, mass flow rate, the distance between nozzles and part etc. was developed for hybrid quenching process. List of Symbols CD Drag force coefficient cp Specific heat of the fluid [J / kg.K] cp,s Specific heat of the blank material [J / kg.K] dd Particle diameter [mm] ! FD Drag force [N] ! Fg Gravitational force [N] ! g Gravitational acceleration [m/s2] k Thermal conductivity [W/ m.K] ks Thermal conductivity of solid [W/ m.K] p Pressure [Pa] Re Reynolds Number SE Energy source term [kg/m s3] Sm Mass source term [kg/m3s] SM Momentum source term [kg/m2s2] SS Energy source term for solid [kg/m s3]
* Gökhan Sevilgen [email protected] 1
Department of Automotive Engineering, Bursa Uludağ University, Faculty of Engineering, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey
2
Beyçelik-Gestamp, DOSAB, Bursa, Turkey
t T T′ U ui’ x, y, z
Time [s] Temperature [K] Fluctuating temp. Component [K] Average velocity [m/s] Fluctuating velocity components [m/s] Coordinates [m]
Greek symbols μ Dynamic viscosity [kg/ms] ρ Fluid density [kg/m3] ρd Droplet density [kg/m3] ρs Density of blank material [kg/m3]
1 Introduction Spray cooling method was used in different industrial areas such as to produce electronic, machine and
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