Three-dimensional skeletal and pharyngeal airway changes following therapy with functional appliances in growing skeleta
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Three-dimensional skeletal and pharyngeal airway changes following therapy with functional appliances in growing skeletal Class II malocclusion patients A controlled clinical trial Maged Sultan Alhammadi1 · Hanem Younes Elfeky2 · Mona Salah Fayed3 · Ramy Abdul Rahman Ishaq4 · Esam Halboub5 · Abeer Abdulkareem Al-mashraqi5 Received: 17 March 2019 / Accepted: 15 June 2019 / Published online: 16 August 2019 © Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Introduction To three-dimensionally analyze the skeletal and pharyngeal airway changes induced by Twin Block (TWB) and Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device (FFRD) in skeletal Class II female patients compared with untreated controls. Materials and methods The study comprised 62 growing female patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion treated with either TWB (n = 23) or FFRD (n = 21), or neither (n = 18; controls). Pre- and posttreatment/observational cone beam computed tomography images were used to evaluate the treatment changes. Results TWB induced more obvious mandibular skeletal changes and caused significant retrusive effects on the maxilla. Similarly, the sagittal and vertical jaw relationships were affected more obviously with TWB (P
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