Three new species of Pseuderanthemum (Acanthaceae) from the Neotropics
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ISSN: 0075-5974 (print) ISSN: 1874-933X (electronic)
Three new species of Pseuderanthemum (Acanthaceae) from the Neotropics Marianna Conceição Rodrigues1, Vinicius Castro Souza2 & Cassio A. P. Toledo1
Summary. While preparing a taxonomic revision of Pseuderanthemum in the Neotropics, three new species, P. australe, P. jundiaiense and P. leonardii, were identified. The descriptions and illustrations of the new species, information on their habitat, phenology and distribution, and comparisons to morphologically similar taxa are provided. Key Words. Bolivia, Brazil, Justicieae, Lamiales, neotropical, Peru, taxonomy.
Introduction Acanthaceae comprises 190 genera and about 4750 species distributed in tropical and subtropical areas (Daniel & McDade 2014). This family is morphologically and ecologically diverse, being characterised by species of herbs, shrubs, and less often lianas or trees, traditionally recognised by simple and usually decussate leaves, inflorescences indeterminate, corolla zygomorphic, and fruits loculicidal, explosively dehiscent, with seeds normally subtended by a prominent hook-shaped retinaculum (Daniel 1995; Daniel 2004; Daniel & McDade 2014; Ezcurra 1993; Kiel et al. 2018; Leonard 1958; McDade et al. 2000b). Pseuderanthemum Radlk. (Radlkofer 1883) is mainly recognised by the corolla with one lobe slightly larger than the other four and usually colour-spotted, androecium with two stamens included in the corolla tube or exserted from the mouth of the corolla and 2 staminodes (Daniel 2004). Among neotropical Acanthaceae, the genus is often confused with Odontonema Nees or Pulchranthus V.M.Baum, Reveal & Nowicke, but differs from the former by the calyx 4 – 6 mm long during anthesis, and a cylindrical corolla tube (vs calyx 2 – 4 mm long during anthesis and a funnelform corolla tube) (Daniel 2004), and from the latter by the salverform flowers (vs bilabiate flowers) (Baum et al. 1983). Regarding its phylogenetic placement, the genus has been ascribed to Justicieae. Within this tribe, Pseuderanthemum, along with 10 other genera, forms a clade informally named as the Pseuderanthemum lineage, which is sister to all Justicieae (McDade & Moody 1999; McDade et al. 2000a, b). Pseuderanthemum is primarily pantropical (with only a few taxa surpassing the tropics in Australia, Mexico and South America), and comprises about 60 species
(Barker 1986; Daniel 2004; Wasshausen 2013). In the Neotropics, there are 46 species of the genus (Rodrigues et al., unpublished data). The last taxonomic treatment in the Neotropics including Pseuderanthemum was presented by Leonard (1958), who dealt with Acanthaceae from Colombia. Considering that a broader taxonomic study of Pseuderanthemum has not been conducted previously in the New World, a taxonomic revision of the genus in the Neotropics has been prepared by the current authors and, while doing so, three new species of the genus were discovered. Here, we present descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa, comparison with morphologically similar species, and information
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