Through-Thickness Residual Stress Profiles in Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds: A Combined Experimental and Prediction S
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SION welding continues to be the most practical fabrication technique for joining heavy section steel components in piping systems used in the power generation and petrochemical industries. Welding introduces high-magnitude tensile residual stresses in the vicinity of the weld zone, causing cracks to initiate and grow in service.[1] Fitness-for-service assessment of welded components containing defects must take account of residual stresses remaining in the welded joint as well as the applied service loading conditions.[2] Several measurement techniques are reported[3] that can be employed to quantify the magnitude and distribution
J. MATHEW is with the Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB also with the Department of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK. Contact e-mail: [email protected] R.J. MOAT, S. PADDEA, and P.J. BOUCHARD are with the Department of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK. M.E. FITZPATRICK is with the Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK. J.A. FRANCIS is with the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK Manuscript submitted January 25, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
of residual stress in welds, for example those based on diffraction or mechanical strain-relief methods. In general, neutron diffraction[4] and the contour method[5] can be used to map the distribution of residual stress in austenitic stainless steel piping components. Such measured data can be applied directly in fracture assessments, or used to validate finite element models based on weld mechanics. Welding-induced residual stress simulated using the finite element method can be largely dependent on modeling approach, constitutive model, and material properties used by the analyst.[6] Recent developments in the capabilities of measurement techniques and improved corroboration between measurements made using diverse methods have created the opportunity to develop data-based models for predicting residual stress in weldments based on experimental measurements. For example, through-thickness residual stress distribution were compared to good effect using neutron diffraction, contour method, and deep hole drilling in low- and high-heat-input welds.[7] Undertaking residual stress measurements in welds can be quite challenging. Neutron diffraction is being increasingly used to map residual stresses in weldments to depths of several millimeters. However, acquiring reliable stress-free reference parameters in multi-pass austenitic stainless steel welds can be challenging owing to compositional variations, texture, and inter-granular
stresses.[8] The contour method is a destructive technique that can map residual stresses acting normal to a selected cut plane. The method has been successfully applied to a range of welded components, although t
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