Thyroid Cancer
The American Cancer Society recently estimated that about 45,000 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in the United States, with three-quarters occurring in women. The overall 5-year survival rate is about 97%, making it one of the least le
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Glenn D. Braunstein, MD Editor
Thyroid Cancer
Editor Glenn D. Braunstein, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine The James R. Klinenberg MD Chair in Medicine Director of the Thyroid Cancer Center of Excellence Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA [email protected]
ISSN 1566-0729 ISBN 978-1-4614-0874-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-0875-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0875-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011938203 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The American Cancer Society has estimated that in 2011, 48,020 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in the United States, with three-quarters occurring in women. About two-thirds of the patients will be between the ages of 20 and 55. The disease will cause close to 1,740 deaths, of which 43% will be men. The overall 5-year survival rate is 97%, making it one of the least lethal cancers. The incidence of thyroid cancer has more than doubled over the last three decades, rising from 4.85 cases per hundred thousand people in 1975 to almost 12 cases per hundred thousand in 2007. This increase is seen exclusively in the well-differentiated thyroid cancers, which account for the vast majority of patients and carry the best prognosis. A good portion of this rise is due to increased detection of small tumors (microcarcinomas measuring less than 1 cm) because of the increased use of neck ultrasounds, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans, which detect these “incidentalomas.” This may account for the rise in the incidence of microcarcinomas, but does not adequately explain the fact that the incidence of larger tumors also is increasing, and this increase is occurring around the world. The rise does not appear to be related to the two known causative factors for well-differen
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