Time, Causality, and the Quantum Theory Studies in the Philosophy of

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BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE EDITED BY ROBERT S. COHEN AND MARX W. WARTOFSKY

VOLUME 19

HENRY MEHLBERG

HENRY MEHLBERG

TIME, CAUSALITY, AND THE QUANTUM THEORY Studies in the Philosophy of Science VOLUME TWO Time in a Quantized Universe Edited by ROBERT S. COHEN

D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT: HOLLAND I BOSTON: U.S.A. LONDON: ENGLAND

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mehlberg, Henry, 1904-1979 Time, causality, and the quantum theory. (Boston studies in the philosophy of science; v. 19) Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. CONTENTS: v. 1. Essay on the casual theory of time. - v. 2. Time in a quantized universe. 1. Space and time. 2. Causality (Physics). 3. Quantum theory. 4. Physics-Philosophy. I. Title. II. Series. Q174.B67 vol. 19 [QCI73.59.S65] SOls [530.1'1) ISBN-13: 978-90-277-1076-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-8988-7

e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-8988-7

Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Boston Inc., 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland D. Reidel Publishing Company is a member of the Kluwer Group

All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1980 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland and copyrightholders as specified on appropriate pages within Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1980 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner

T ABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME II : TIME IN A QUANTIZED UNIVERSE

Part III: An Indeterministic Theory a/Time I. II. III. N. V.

Philosophical Interpretations of Quantum Physics The Problem of Causality in an Indeterministic Science Relativity and the Atom Laws of Nature and Time's Arrow The Symmetry of Time and the Branch Hypothesis

3 75

113 152 203

Part IV: Universal Aspects a/Time I. II. III. N. V. VI.

The Measurement of Time The Ontological Status of Time The Reality of Time The Causal Nature of Time The Symmetry of Time The Psychology of Time

CONCLUSION

211 225 235 243 250 255 259

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED IN VOLUMES ONE AND TWO

edited by Carolyn R. Fawcett

262

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WRITINGS OF HENRY MEHLBERG

283

INDEX OF NAMES TO VOLUMES ONE AND TWO

285

T ABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I

ESSAY ON THE CAUSAL THEORY OF TIME

EDITORIAL NOTE INTRODUCTION TO VOLUMES I AND II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Part I: The Causal Theory of Time in the Works of Its Principal Representatives

I. Leibniz and the Beginnings of the Causal Theory of Time 1. The Relational Theory 2. The Causal Theory II. Kant's Phenomenalist Interpretation of the Causal Theory of Time 1. General Remarks on Kant's Phenomenalism 2. The Causal Theory of Simultaneity 3. The Causal Theory of Succession 4. Examination