Time-Series Analysis of Subsidence in Nanning, China, Based on Sentinel-1A Data by the SBAS InSAR Method
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Time‑Series Analysis of Subsidence in Nanning, China, Based on Sentinel‑1A Data by the SBAS InSAR Method Bing Li1 · Zemin Wang1 · Jiachun An1 · Chunxia Zhou1 · Yuanyuan Ma1 Received: 12 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 © Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und Geoinformation (DGPF) e.V. 2020
Abstract Recent research has demonstrated that the Sentinel-1 constellation can be used for continuous tracking of ground deformation phenomena. In this study, the spatial–temporal subsidence characteristics in Nanning were investigated with 18 Sentinel-1A TOPS synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired from 25 June 2015 to 16 December 2016 based on the small baseline subset interferometric SAR (SBAS InSAR) technique. The results showed that the annual average surface deformation rates in Nanning ranged from − 48 mm/year to 20 mm/year, and the maximum deformation was detected in the Langdong area. The SBAS-derived results were validated by Nanning continuously operating reference station (CORS) and levelling measurement data. The correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error (RMSE) between SBAS-derived and levelling-derived mean deformation rates were 0.79 and 2 mm/year, respectively. The maximum discrepancy and the RMSE amounted to 7 mm/year and 4 mm/year comparing the SBAS time-series with the CORS-measured displacement. The verification using levelling and CORS implied high reliability and precision of surface subsidence derived by SBAS InSAR. Our analysis revealed that surface subsidence in Nanning was mainly caused by large-scale urban construction, which should be paid enough attention to avoid further aggravation. With the help of the meteorological data, we also found that the subsidence in Nanning was closely related to climatic anomalies in 2015. This research work will provide important theoretical and practical reference value for urban planning and construction in Nanning. Keywords SBAS-InSAR · Surface subsidence · Sentinel-1A · Nanning · Climate anomalies Zusammenfassung Zeitreihenanalyse von Bodenbewegungen in Nanning, China, basierend auf Sentinel-1A-Daten und ausgewertet mit der SBAS-InSAR-Methode (small baseline subset interferometric SAR). Neueste Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Sentinel1-Satelliten zum Monitoring von Bodensenkungen und -hebungen eingesetzt werden können. In dieser Arbeit wurden die raum-zeitlichen Charakteristiken der Bodenbewegung von Nanning mit 18 Sentinel-1A-Szenen (TOPS-Modus – terrain observation with progressive scans) untersucht. Die Daten wurden im Zeitraum vom 25. Juni 2015 bis zum 16. Dezember 2016 aufgenommen und mit der SBAS-InSAR-Methode ausgewertet (small baseline subset interferometric SAR). Heraus kamen Bodenbewegungsbeträge zwischen -48 mm/Jahr und +20 mm/Jahr. Der absolut größte Wert wurde im Stadtteil Langdong beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit Daten der GNSS-Referenzstation Nanning-CORS (continuously operating reference station) und Nivellements validiert. Die Korrelation zwischen den Sentinel-Daten und d
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