Tinbergen Lectures on Organization Theory
In revising the Tinbergen Lectures I have expanded and restructured the material in an attempt to make the book more readable and more interesting. I have also tried to show more clearly its relevance to managerial and organizational practice. Some mathem
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Martin J. Beckmann
Tinbergen Lectures on Organization Theory With a Preface by Jan Tinbergen Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition With 19 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Prof. Dr. Martin J. Beckmann Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA and Institut far Angewandte Mathematik, Technische Universitat MOnchen BarerstraBe 23,0-8000 MOnchen 2, FRG
ISBN-13:978-3-642-83275-8 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-83273-4 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-83273-4 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved. whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. specifically the rights of translation. reprinting. re-use of illustrations. recitation. broadcasting. reproduction on microfilms or in other ways. and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9. 1965. in its version of June 24. 1985. and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1988 The use of registered names. trademarks. etc. in the publication does not imply. even in the absence of a specific statement. that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2142/3140 - 54321 0
Preface to the Second Edition In revising the Tinbergen Lectures I have expanded and restructured the material in an attempt to make the book more readable and more interesting.
I have also tried to show more
clearly its relevance to managerial and organizational practice. Some mathematical derivations have been moved to appendices.
Certain sections that may be skipped in a first
reading have been starred. Points that should be of interest to management include • the nature and necessity of rank (4.1, 4.2, 4.4) rank assignment by counting up or down (4.3) defining an organization's task (6.2) calculating the required size of an organization (6.3) • allocating supervisors in the short run (6.7) when uniform spans of control are desirable (6.8) • how to estimate an organization's implicit span of control (7) determining the minimal ranks in supervision (8.3) • the advantage of flexible department lines (8.4) measuring the leanness of an organization (8.5) the relationship between average wage and unit labor cost (10.2) job allocation in the short run (10.4) • calculating the cost of supervision for particular jobs (10.5) • recognizing economic choices in substituting managers for operatives or vice versa (11) • determining the optimal size of a research team (12)
VI
• setting targets (13.1) • budgeting under full information (13.2) • budgeting under imperfect information (13.3) • sources of information loss (14.1) • causes and cures for loss of control (14.2 and 19.4) • staffing decisions in the short, medium and long run (16.3, 16.4, 16.6) • why organizations take over functions of individuals (17) • why and how to reward top m
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